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ҲǸˣҴûɹ캦°ǶǸ˧ûǶҵʹӲϴıĽиô롣 
Ҳʼҳ̥쿪ʼѵǡǸܱ۸۴޵Ķ֣ɣֵĴôģģʱҪȥ¡ǶֵĻǡǸĬԵϱ֧ʹ֧ʹȥСӣɣʹҲﲻǾǸϲҵСƨɣ
С꣬ǰӵ϶Ҳ£ܱܿҴأ˭أ 
ڷεĿЦʣ֣ҷʲôֵýҰ 
ɫѺܲÿҵĻɫڣĽҲҵĲøһЩֻҧ˵ɱĻ쵰ҵûϣ 

ұһУæץʵãýʲô֣ 
Ӻһ³֣ 

һվסţҲһЩҺ建ҵĲ¡ 
Ҷ˶񣬲˵ôˣ鷳˵һ飬𣿡 
ŭĿңˣܾĺӣȴѪ㺦˳ЦƶĹΪĺӶܾͷȥ˵òһ 
ڵ˵ϣˣҵˣҺû罫ӻصߣʱų̫ûϢҲ䵽ˣǸǻЦŮѾˣһİϤϡȵȣӣô˵һӣ 
뵽ˣҸæץסۣҼǺӣû׵ĿӽˣԸҪһҼǺӣˣҲһеĴߵͷǰʹҵĸʹ 
ЩݣĿشҲãҪķǰĶ֣Ѫҵã㣡ߣ˵תߡ 
ҲںֻҪһǺӳˣˡҿԶҲæվ 
ߵҼǰʱȡЩǮߵҲӦˡֵĶ·ˡ 

02 

Ҳ֪мյ·̣Ҳûֻи· 
ǵˣδƻ裬ҾѾЩļˣСû߹ôõ·ԶЩԳ˽ĽҵĽˣҲ˵ֻŴ̹ǵʹšԾʱʱת͵ĽҿЩûֻಽߡ 
ĽŵױʪףݱĥˡЬҲѾ͸ҲһͷŴѪʪӡɥʧȥͼǿĺˡٴλͷʱ˵һֹסˣ͵ҲȡתͷߣٶҲ࣬Ҳûٴ߹ˡ 
ߵһĿջʱȻŽƻ裬컹ǴģȴȻԥ˽ȥҺܸмĵػʮģֻΪ˵ȥôҡ 
߽ҵķ󣬸ϢƬ̣õС͵ˮ͵ˣȡСЩװЩˮһƿε˼¡ãµĴѪӷһߣ۰˫ŷŽʹжȴǱ亹ʪ· 
Ժɾİײմʪ˴ϴĲ˲þˮ½ţɺֱߵҩƿһжǵǰ˵ļʱżȻҵİ﷢ƿҩĳҩϵı顣СϸİҩͿ˴˷ôõҩôõ⣬Ϳҩ˴ʱһƬȫûǻջǵʹˡ 
Сķźýţ⿪ʪԲֿӣ㻻ϸɾ˴ϡ 
Ҿţֵģƣ룬ȴͷѵĺܡļ䣬ֿʼҸĺӻʲôģ˻ᣬҲǰ룬ǵȼúÿСģɣ뵽ˣ˵ҲǿЦദ컹֪֡ǸˣֻΪòôġҸദķʽҲ֣·ǾԲԸ˵ģ˲ѴҿЩʱŻ˵ϣһҪסޣһͲٳֱ·ʱҲŻҴӴϾȻҲ֪ڸʲôҲȥ 
컹ûȫڣҲȥ쾮С̵ģҾŲˮĳζʱͻȻеǰһ£Ĵ˿Ǻǰһô뵽ˣ۶ˡ 
ζԵĵģͻȻи˸ҷֻǾһ߲ԲҲá͵յķţﻹǺܵӣǰ˼Ƭ̣ܲͰɱ˽ޣһҧվẉ̂Сĵƶ˽ǰ£ûӦЩ֣ӦûȥİСĵⶥţһкеĵҲ˵ϣʽĵһء 

03 

ֻСſڴϣ˫ȱһ˴ķֿǸ˵־ͣĶţҵĽҲûͣĶ 
Ņ̀ͷһۣӿϵĶЦĴսſڴϵĶ˵ôװСͽһ㲻𣿾Ȼ˽һӰҲǣȻû˸С 
ԭֽദôͲ֪֣ҾȻôһε֪֮ģЦš 
ҧŬ˵ţ쵰ҳɱ㣡أţ 
ɫ˿δ䣬ϵĶȴȻӿ죬ܲסĵ 
ʱС£һ˫޳Ľ˵ȣϼϢģﲻһҵתҵ飬һ˳˵ҵʱѪӿ£ͳϵĳ˴ȥ 
˺׵˹ȥ˳һ̧ȣ㽫˿Ҵײǽ֮󣬾һڣĻ˹ȥ 
ϵĶʹѣȴýҡЩ棬µãȫˡ 
˱ȥţ豭Сš 
ܿ˿ˣתͷκ˫գСû°ɣûȴһ֪ʲôȴǱһˮһۣԭǸոյĲ豭 
һֵһȡ 
ҴվƬ̣СĵؿûԹԵߵߡҼĺܽʮʹԼѧһЩ֮Լļ˭֪һ£µȫһĲ豭Ҳ㵹ˣˮʪһƬ 
ҸϽ֣᲻ǰҵ֣ȴͷʾҼҵӵᰴţķͷſˣѹߵô࣬ʮ˰ַȥúܣʱ˼磬㽥£ȴֹס֣ɻ 
վչӣ½⿪¶ʵ˴ϣʾҼ 
ҶӣɵûʲŵһĻҲСĵı仯ҲȻĹڴϣϸıѹһƤȾ˺쳱Ҹӳ嶯ˣȥ־ҪߣȴһײߺҪӣȴ书û¾ͱ׽סӻشϡ 
ұս˫ֱۣ˫ֻۣ˼ʲô֮ǰ½󱻳Ҳ˵ĹƤӴĸоҵ߳һĺøߡҿʼƾȴѹã˫Ҳͷֻȫ· 
ֵͷָеǣᴦҧ˰죬ƣͻȻסҵ飬Ҿȼˣֿʼʼҧʱҵעȫǰоƣһм֡˶ҵǯƣҲûδԹ 
ķܺãҼֱǸʶƵСëͷѳɻ飬Բеİ 
ҧסͼǶ֮¹һֱͥһʹƺˣʱҲűŵѹʹһ˿ƿһͷϵ˼£ƺͲҵˣٴѹ˻εıָۣٴ̽룬ҧסͼסǿ̵ˮٲһָʱ̲סԽԽǿıУ˳ֺܶ˵ɺӵֿޡ 
ˣһ󻺻ָ֪ˣˮֹסʹָҵ塣ַҲҵԽԽӲҪˡһ߳ҭһţҲúˡȴڴʱſ֣ɻܵ˼ı顣˶ֿ˫ȿҵСϡһҭһߺĶĶ 
ֻһַҵ壬һְҵţסе屻һůɬĹȵʵİţŮӵʪճȴһǿҵĿСȫҵ̽ȥˣҾĶǽܽϵĲλЩţٰĿƵʱ˫ۣһ˵ܻ˼ı飬ȫ΢΢ţ嶼 
˫ֶҵϣŤ֫лʱ³˵ҿǽϴĵط϶ʱǽסҵķۺɫͱ˳ұҵ˼ľ̼Ŀ̣Щҡҡ׹壬ַסȫͶ϶š 
ÿһ¾ͼȫͣҲ̲סˣץ֫ģ޷ٶֻҳĶţеһʱ͸Ҳɵûĵĳ﷢Ƭ̣һǧˣˮȫҵǰĸ߳Ҳٿսİסңڲͣ䶯ţҪҵҲեһ㣬һ̲סȫйڡйĳҵľˮĳƣſҵϣҲڴϢţƽϢһذĸо 
ƣǰһ̻ǳ˵ʵ˰ӵߡ 

04 

תѵʱ򣬸еǰͷһŷؿ˯ţģǿɰһҵһֻ߬ԼһƷ˿˿̵꣬ˣҺһӣҲ£סӣδܹҸУǰҲҵĻġˣĸ磡ҾȻĸ£ 
һֲ̿ҴϴƿҪȥʱɳҽˮҪϴ衣ҺҴӦһͼæ˳ȥ 
ԸСҾ;ֱ˳ȥϵˣȥҸϸ 
ʹصסǸָ˼ҽݣ˵ҽݵĴܺáҾ͸ȥǣûţͿոջű˷ȥĲ˺ܿһس˳Ҿ̾λ棬̲סϿҽսȥҾͺˣ˵ע£Ҳֻ߳ӲͷƤš 
ЩĲλɹŴ¹Ǻһ亹Լϴ˿ڣûԣӦòô˰ɣţѾֵˣɹŴҵ©ļЦȫٴʪ͸ڣҲǺ֮СźʹĽӲС˳ʱҲôȴǿڱܺõԭҩͰһġȥ˫Ьʱ⣬·ʱҶһҪʵܲͽ·ˡ 
ұ߱߹䣬ЩûСԣ߱߳ԣ䣬ڳһȦˣҸطЪЪʱȴǰͶ޵Ŀջԥһ£¾ģ˽ȥ 
ǲȥż߹ǰҪҵķţеΣֻӲͷƤ߽䡣 
ҰѻﱧЩûСԶϣŬЦ˵ҸĵСԣҪҪܲģ 
ϣֿңʵȥˣŲ𣿻ߣ 
һȣǺܹҵġҵͷȥǻҩ˳ġ 
֮󣬿ϱøˣҵҩЩӹҽҩ 
˼ԼСߵ£Żشҩܺã̫ˣҵ˿ȴأ̫˷ˡңҲôõҩ˵꣬ҾһöҪ˵Ŀ 
ݺݵһۡװûͷСԵӲǣ³ĹˣְѰõĹֱߵļСȫι˸ 
ʱŵõ˵ˣ 
֣ͣԹԵŲ˵˷ε֮С 
ջ˳ĬĻȴҵһʱ˼ǧǻǣ˵˵õ£Ҳ㡣 

05 

ջ˳ĬĻȴҵһʱ˼ǧǻǣ˵˵õ£Ҳ㡣 
ĬĬһᣬ˼ֺ˿ˮɤӣ渽֪ľ뿪ҵʵ顣 
ҸСʶˣҺͰᵽҼҸڡʱҸռ£ǵĸǻеģã 
Ҵ꣬СʱҾͳ棬ҲһҾЦҴ˼Ե׮£ʱǻСЩֻ֪ǿһӶһˡ 
ʮʱ˻飬Ҳոꡣ 
ǸܻúȤŮŮĲãһǺܸܿΪޡǶôۣҸ˼㡣 
Цһ£ԱߵϡһᣬҲּ 
ȥ죬һȺ鴳꣬ͷĽһСһҲ֣˶ҸýΪõģֶЩ黭ǲò˫ȫ 
͸û˻Ƶģ˭ȰҲһ쵽ܡҲǲֻǱϾŮбȥãҵĺȴյû˼䣬ҵƢҲãͼ춼ûҲǾǿҲܵøˡ 
һһʼҲڽӽʱһ˵ĺôͰĸˡ룬ٲǼֵߥ޵ġмҼҲȥˣڼУһʱֹġʱһЩҲûʱҪ̸̸ҲͲᷢˡ 
ǸųˣԼӶˡ 
СģǶʱͦæĴ߶ҸղɻսţĿ޺һݣ֪ˡ 
ҳ嵽ڣȴһѹ£·Ѱʣܻվ༸꣬ЦĿţ˵ЩҪǰȴһۼõסҲٶֻ̣ 
һҲǾݵ˫ۡ 
ֻ֮ǲסؿޣȰҲûáҰοʱֻ涵ĶңȴֹסᡣˣԺ˯ˣڶʱѾˡ 
Ҳ֪ȥֻÿϵ߶ֻϣûӣǣԭôԶ 
һ澹ȻǸ˵ϡ 
ҵˮţһʪ˴ƬƬ·Ҵûֹ۵޹ 
֪ʱҲҵıϣҿ޸ͣ˸ʹ졣 
֪˶ãȻҭţҵͷ 
ͻȻúܶǰ޳ӣҵ۾Ѿ׵úˣҶЩˡԶ˶һǰ˻ȥȻǰôһƬ·ʪ͸ˡҶˣͷĸҲҲˡ 
Ǿ໥ţֱֺ 

06 

Ǿ໥ţֱֺ 
ףҺʲôˣͷûʲô뿿ȥȴƿˣҲЩκͻȻһһˣСʵ㡭ˣ 
ûػص˵أϵڶûʲôǼСԡ 
ЩǸȻʲôȥ򡣡£˵ļ£ȥСȥӡһҲʳлʣСʰһߣͰڿˣȡ˫ӣԡмǻЩˣҸˣһҲ 
˷Ұ˻ȥʱȻҵӣ˱ߵ䣬һȴˡãȻıűӴվ֪ 
ȴ˵ʲô㷿ȥУ 
ίĻصǡ 
תǿӲ˵оǲУȥ 
ŵ˵ܾԶŵģȴ˺˳ίǰա 
Ƶ˦߿ص䣬һͷϴͷѹµıһᣬ˯ˡ 
˰ҹ轵ĺˣҶ߶µѹµıӣԼ˽ȥ΢ůЩŰҪ˯ȻǸҲ䵽ȥɡ 
Сĵĳżǹ䣬սȥƺ͸о̫Ծ£书ӦҶˣǷζܡ֮˵֡ 
ҡҡͷȥЩ˲£תҵӵ˵ƣŵЩְѵо˵㣬µ̫Ū 
ڰĵתҪΪʱžղŵĲǰ书ôҽʹ֪ңҲӦ˵仰ɣڿģס 
˿̵ʮңʱӦǻ˯ȥ˰ɡӣ˫ֱ˴ͷľϣˣϻ鲼Ϻҧ˺ۡǰС϶մ˾ˮϺҲС˫֮ҲĿá򿪵˫ȼʹƬ侫ۣҿֵĵطʱѪģʱ϶۵ȥ 
뵽ʹˣֻǴվʹҲ֣Ϊ⿪ӣ˼Ѿ䣬ֲҪ̫ľȡһֽԽ˵ˮΪøɾϵۡ 
ĶҵҲʼԽԽߣΪȻˣˣΪµҲǱģҽŵĽ쵽£Ȼ΢֤ţû˵һ仰Ҳ뿪ҡ 
ҷģҲӿĶȼ˿أҲҶֻ΢ϴ棬ЩǴҵҩҲЩΪʲôҩ 
ҿǴѾ˯ˣȡɾ·ϣСĽ߻ҵķ䣬ĽЩȵıҲϴ§ס˻Ҽȫܻ᲻Ūʹ´궯ӣ룬ְ½⿪ůӽšȵů⣬Ҳŷ§˯ȥ 

07 

ʱȴһ˫ˮ峺տںڵӣûѵҴƬ̺ŷӦϽƿ 
һת׵İѹ£γϵơҶãֲ֪ðĲźãֻĴ̾һҵļͷеȵĺͣ¶еľѴǵȫһս 
ȵȣĺôôȣҲǣˣһǷˡæǰͷҵĶͷഥԣȻˡ 
Ҹȷ;ͱס޷ֻܿҧһŷſҡʹ촽뷢𣬵ĨЦݣɵ̾˿̲סĵȰ㷢ˣˡЦңɵᣬƿҪ 
ϵ¿ۣҪ´ȴס½󣬻ͷְ̿˫ۣο㲻ܵȥЩԵİɣҲˣӦҲܰɣ˳СץҩŰɣϾͻ֡ 
ҴûӣӦһ˴ĹĹҲǵһȥһ˰ɣҲ֪״СһʲôĵطģӦò˵Ҳϲ£Ҳûʲô˵ʵǷǳθڵģֱҸӺɷĸоƽʱǺǿģҵǳȥġ 
СĶʳ̣Ϊװ࣬мӡ߽Ϳѽ´ϣڴͷͰ͵΢΢һЦһһ㴵ι 
ĬĬĿң۾･ʪ 
Ҹæ룬ӵôˣû¿ʲô 
ͷɳƵʵ˵ΪʲôôãΪʲôҶҪأ 
ЩЦ˵ʲôǲ𣿲Ƕ˵˵ˣҲεĲʵ㿳ҵҲںģˣҶӦõģ߾һ˲𣿲Ҷ˭ãˣˣЪɣ 
ӨȻŴŵµҲ˵ֻõ˵ͷ÷ᣬȻ£ʤްɣȵûôˣҲֶι 
òװһ඼ι˿صߣʣµĶɨڼ䣬һֱ۾ҡұ﷢ëҲ˵ʲôֻһꡣ 
ţڽңҵ֣ҾϲʱΪҲԸˣô˵һνҵְǿѹס飬ڴߵͷǺģʱġ 
Ұ¿ĭԼ󣬲Сֺܲ˼Ǹûϴϴӣҽˮ𣿡 
˼˵찡Ҳˣǿס嶯߳ӡ 
ˮˣȴ飬ҽȥԼıɶԥ˰죬һֱĺҲҧҧ˽ȥ 
սžͿڵϣԼȥȴˤڵ˰ɣҸԼˡ 
ұڵϵСİŽˮˮҨҨˮϡ˺þãӲűˮ̺졣ֶһˮСĵļ˽ȥ 
ľͰУЩˮϣľҶˡ 
ʲô£רĵĲϴĺ󱳡 
ϴ 
̲סЦˣҲڰϴ𣿡 
СˣҪϴ˵ţҵ֣ҵִ¡ 
ϵЦϽסˣһ£ӲӺ쵽˶䣬ҲҶַҲҳأ 
˿ĭżҡҲᡣ 
شҽ㡣⻰Щɸɾ 
ҵָСĵ˵òĺͥԼ˶سſС𣿡 
֪ʹüͷҲ˵ֻǵͷҡͷ 
ɻ֣ͣײŻԹңôˣ 
ҿ޵ǿѹҲ֪ô 
ˣǳſϴͺˡ 
ǹģҾҶҪ̵ñըˣֻýԼҲҪϴɷڴϣͳȥˡ 
СˮᵽԭķҲѾɨøɸɾһ˿˻ɵĺἫˡˮԵϴϴԼŽоˣŲӣϸɾ· 

08 


Ѿ磬ȻûôԷһҪ׼ʱĽ̻廹鷳СЩˡǾϲǸжĿҺðΣֻЦŸвˡ 
԰˷شšڴôҲ˯ţֻ 
Ұ죬ֹġܲˣ˵ʵĻһ 
ʣǺӲİɣ 
Ҵ˰βŻعСĵĻش𣺡ǺƴģҵģҺ˰µľȻǺпܲҵģҶԲΪ⺢ȥˣҲԸֻ˭ϴ⺢һã 
˰˻˵ֻǲԺڣ֪һ˼ңҲûӣ԰ 
ҽ飬βŻش𣺡ĺһˣ֪ĸǺˣֻ֪ڣ˵˵ţҵ 
ۣҿңβС˵Ҳһеĺӡ 
̾˿ҴҴǣȰʵ֮ǰѾЩһֱȷһ£鷳˵ʲôٹ¾֪ǲ˵Ļû취ûٹܹƲ첻˵ֻúǺǼµգ 
Żң³ʮ 
Ҵ£Ǽʮµģ²߸£ҿ϶ЦŵȻ˿ 
ǺȡûҡҡͷҽһһĶ˵òã 
һ㶣ϾҪµ˼ûϲı飬ǶĿңᾹ˳ԽԽסæҵĲţǿѹ˵㲻ԸҲûϵʲôûڱ㣡˵˵ţҵҲЩʣҵ˴˶ϲˣȴǲСҼֻҡͷᣬͣظ˵šԲ𡱣̲סҲ˳ӵʧʹޣðΣŽֹס 
Ĩ˰ƽڴϣǺñӣ˵˯ɣʱ㡣˵꣬ٿתߣǱʹĿ⡣ٳܲˡ 
ڴȺߵڣܵԽԽ٣Ҳƽ࣬߻صùݡ 
˷ţ˯ţ۾׵۽ǻ顣Ľ˴߿Ļ᲻ˣܶ࿴Ͷ࿴ɣˣҾͲôֱֱĶˡ 
Ľë˶֪ҪˣϽߣװӡֱңһҲװ֪ѵתͷˣʲôӦòЩ˰ɣ 
ıЩʧЩģŬЩϣĴ𰸡֪ǲң˵ЩҲ˵ʲôֻСѡֱǶû˵ʲôֻǾš֪˵ЩʲôҲҲĮ̬Ըڰɣ 

09 

ĺ񣬾ܲǴСһ𳤴ģ·滹ǲֺйԣŤ԰ˡҵദʽҲҸһֿˣһٵĻǷ֡ 
ҸǼҵ˻ûԵ֡ 
ҿЦ̾˿ȻʼջҪֿͲҪȥʲôˣʵҲ޿κε£ҲֻżһͶѰɣ 
ݲݳ˷θڶôáСʰ֮ԱҲȥˣͶȥԭķ䡣 
֪ҲԸߣΣһı˴˵䵭Įӡ 
֮ǰҲûǸ·Ҳζ˵ദֻʣ·ļˡûɷ׵ɫҾͲ˷šԺʼչһǼҰɫһӻҰۣѹʵʲôأĶˣȴû飬Ҳûȥ꣬ʵҪʲôףܾأ 
һҹߡƹʣսžʹ˫ˣȫûǰһ糿鶯ͳڷգѾö˵ȴֻʣ˺׵Ȧ۾ĺݺݵؾʹһ£ұҿ񣬿߰ʰõİɤӣһ䣺߰ɣתš 
ţͿһһҪЩᳵȫ㹻ƽ档£ģȻ˲Ǯǵ壬ĸԸԸ˺档 
˳βɵһ㶣ͷʱһ˲ĹâЩǻǻزȥˣΪһҲ׵ԭҲΪһҧҲҪԼԭ 
Գ˵ĿĵصʱҲˣֻʣ·ˣֻܹһˣȷԺ£ʵϣпԺټˡ 
һ·ϣĮ̬ȣֻظ˳·ʱĮȻ 
ҳԶľ﷢ûʲô¿ʱ򳣳˫ϥһšż߽ҲϱܿǿʲôÿĶһǼڿջеˣҲԶˡ 
ڣһ磬ǵˡ 
ǶԺܲԸķнӻеĺӣ۵ñΪ˸оȴ˺ܶ˷ܣΪѾˣΪҪˡ 
죬ǻҴһºӵ˼֮һźµͻȻĳȺһֱұ־֮ɫϱò԰ҿ÷ 
˿˼֮ߵǰ۾װ׵ĸ⺢ӻǽпյʱﻹˡ 
ңֵͷӣȦֺˣҧסˣ˾䣺֪ˣôת뿪ˡ 
ұ˻ССݵĬĬĿӰǰСģȻʧһֱ֪ܰΪΣȻҵͷҡŻСС壬ˮصǽ۵Ƥϡ 
죬һл㱵ĹˣֻʱĿѣҪּˡֱһ󣬳˼ӡҲѹ 
ӣô찡һС͵أô찡ʲôӰӣҲܷŪøתͷȥĶĵô֪ô죬ҪھͺˡС̾˿С֣ھȻ˯ÿˮʪһ鱻ӡ 
Ⱥνġֺúǿô򶨣Щˣ㣡ӹԹԵͳӾǣȻ͵ð£ 
µҪǣҵǮɲϵģһһģƾʲôһ仰Ͱ˼ҵǮߣ֮ҪǮûУҪһԣûͱסˣţȻţҲй㣡 
ǿڼˣһûĵѾŵ˳ĵӵǰʱұսתԲסˣ 
ѽţҵ𣿲ɣҵûôҪɤӣǿּҽдˣİ۾һ죬ĵƳȥٴһ㣬찡һѪĳǰ׵ûȥ 

10 

תʱһԣףûôǿҰƱ𣿵ûӰǲ֣ﲻԣʲôҪĶʲôأԼͻȻһ찡ҿĶĶճûܸҹӾ֡ 
ұʹĿصʱһ˫ƵҵǰվˣȻһ˵ĵͳЦǺǣղŲֵͦ𣿡һ˵ôô 
̧ͷŻ⣬ʲôģֻ޳׳ģĽĿˮ˳ʲôʱҵôþͺˣǾͿԱҰ˺Լˡ뵽뵽ʵһϣҲߵġʹԼܣûܻסǣǲ˺ҴͷסǻʹΡ 
ǰֵĿңƽӣеʵôˣ 
һůþûˡпԣֻҡͷ 
ĬƬ̣˵㲻˵Ҳ㣬ø˵˵ҪιЩʲôһأҶˣ 
ɻĶ̽˰ѣСҿĵر׵ģĵز֪˵ʲôá 
ȡװĺԣµģСĵĺ˿ڣɸֻϣ֮ҪͺˣʵûӣûʲôֵĿιĶ 
ǸһԣǡұЩ˼͵㿴ʲôιСôֱŵģʲôÿģ 
һ㶣ǵЦ˵ʵĺܺÿü̵ͦ¡ǣ״촽ʮֿȴһ̫֮ˣԱ߱ѾԲλˣȴôֱֱĶңҸΪɥЦ˵ˣᰡҸоܺðĴ Ҳﲻס֪Լĳе㣬ô˵Ҳ̫˰ɣʲôĸоǷŮˣˣĻϾҵľˣܱܲɣ̾ˣֵĻֺĴҵĶ䡣 
ĽǸСһҶϣˡǺǣȻЦô޳ܣ 
ôôҰҪ˵Ϸҵĸľˣֻôʣˣһ̲סǵ׷ſӡ 
ιֶһᣬЩ۵Ĵ˹Ƿʼҡ˯ڿŻССӣܾģһܸмΪôһֻеˣѾˡ 
ģСһ˯ˣСǺãҪιߣҪ㣬ԳԱ˾˯ôֻд˲Ż鷳¡ĽҲСӣΪһаˣҪΪǶΣĸ 

11 

ӵŻ˯Сһ˳ϣѾˡֻʣҸǸˣҲұԭܱܲݳɣСĵıԱߣţõ˯һᣬ˯ţǻ˯ȥʱ̫ˡҿһʱҲѣͺȥ硣ȻиļһܲһӾڳˣ˵Ҫһ˯أô˵ĵҪӲĵҪöࡣ 
͵͵ͷȥںȾơͷȾƵƺţȴҲ͸Źȴܾáܹ¶ҿóˣȫ˸ղ˭ڷңʱתͷһۣҲ֪ڿ˰ɣһЦȻҾƺʵҪһ𣿡 
ԥĻͷ棬˯ú죬Сĵ˳ߣӹľƺͷһڣʱŷƳ㣡ֵţһڣɵþʲôƣˮˬȴʮļһ㣡̫ˣ 
һЦͷ˿ڣŻûüȡ֡û֡˵գƳ̾һ 
״ʱʤֻĬĬһ˿˵Ĳ 
ĬĺߡŬ˳Ĭһ֣أ 
бһֻۣʼӣЦ˵Ҳô˳֣˵һЦ 
÷һÿζĺĺûôģҺô꣬뿪Щô˵һ 
ҵۿЦشҵĻҽк 
ü㱻ҵЦˣЦǵӭͷһûأٺٺٺ٣ 
Ƴһۣ˵ҵܻܵкء 
ʲô?ֵܵһЦһᣡҲˣЦˣұŶЦᶼˡ 
еˣһЦ̲סˣһ˵ţЦЦɣ 
ұӵЦסֱȥŷŹҡұ۵Цˣ䲻һůĴһȣͷͳ룬ҿŰۣŵſϵĺ 
ѹʱĴҵҴ֣ԶԶģһšҺܺͿΪʲôңôŮʵҵô⣬ֻǲϣٸκα·ϾѾ֪ܲܲټòԲ¡ĵúʹɶ־ô 
߹Աߣû㣬ҵıǸҶ𣺡ԲҲ֪ղΪʲôôԲ𣡵ұ֤Ҳˣģ 
ҴӸ첲͵ı飬ţȽʵں޵ıҲ⣬ôԭǲе̫?ôʱ򣬼ͻȻĿһվȴסֱۣ㻹û˵ԭԭأ 
ĿִЩһʲô¶׵Ժˣúãԭˣ˵꣬ŷ֡һ𼱻ǵĳСһﱧڻҡŻţŰĵ·ϵĻҳ͸մϵĲҶ˳ţǾСС壬ֱ˯ 
һʱ˯ţںڰ۷һᣬҲˣұԱƣճλá£ڰģģģҸоڿҡȻִչС˵Բ𡣡ҵЦ£ǶˣұûôֻҪʹǿͺˡ뵽ˣǵĵһҲʹǿã棬бסѨ֪ΪͻȻ⿪ˣҲĸĽһ˺ܶ£ģģ˯ˣﻹǱŤֿɰεҵĶͷǼ⣬۾ջ͡ 

12 

ٴʱѾʼ˵ó̡ҲˣûޣֻǶɵЦţĵĸоҡɣʱιʣӦѾˣϾڵеȵġ 
ƿһڼݳĺֻܿӰֻĬĬļ룬һ 
ûͷص˰ʲô𣿡 
˵Ҳö˰ɣҼǵǰ治ԶӦмҲݣȥԵɣ 
ӦһܿЩҲߵĸЩ˵㲻õ飬ҸϽοתƾû̫ܿ죬Ͱѳͣˡ 
˩Ҹλ£ЩԵĺܿ죬ιСĵСһﲱΧ˿ӣСһڿιֱתͷԸٳˣҲϲϵĶҿѾһ߶ģͰϡȳһҵıʱǹԹԵıƺе㲻ͣ˼ʾ⺫ߣܲԸվСһӣǺܺЦġСӻӦŮ˱ŸоЩǻֱ̫ˡ 
İʣµķһɨ⣬ǺöûʲôˡҽվۼĸϽݸҡҿܿĵӣƺϲģԺ۸Ա۸ĳ 
·һ·Ϻ⣬ҲһֱܹԡϢʱץֻҰãʰһ¾Ϳʼұζ˹ȥ۲ĿֻӽɵƱ͵˵Ľɫ˵ʵ⼸һֱûʲôöһֱ̰Щˣôɫȫʳסˣ˺һƬӣҵĿˮ췺ĳˡ 
ĨһЩϣֿʼĿĺȥúôһأǣĹҿɫķתŴӵ֦̲סˣҲȾҪȥ˺⣬ȴһס 
Ҷ޳ˣȴ˵ٵȵȣϾͺˡֲǲԣʲô 
޻˵ֻùԹԵŵɴ۾ӣͻȻˡ 
׼һ֮ӣץסһֻƵȾͰ˺Ҵڵҧһ飬㰡ͷ첻ʹˣ֮ѾˣûԹôóԵĿáʲôǼƷʲôζӿĲɫѣһִ㣬ϸޱȣζҲǼѣÿһƬⶼ̵ǡô꣬˱ָڻζʱߴͳó𣿡ҸϽͷ絷⡣ˬʵЦ˵ҴСѧʱ͸ʦĺܣʦϲֻѧ˺ֺܶҲΪʦϲңÿѧµĲʱʦͽһ书ûػˣѳζǵĴȥѰؼҾһĺ书ٺ٣ôû뵽ɣѧķ 
ԣ֪ΪΣǰͻȻһͼһСк¯ææµӡСʱｿΨһĶӣСʱȴֻܿѧȡʦҲɵʵһ˲ٿɣ 
һ㶣ĬƬͻȻЦǴֻĽҵһʦǵһ˵ҳ˿ˡǺǣ 
Ҳ֪˵ʲôӣ뻹ʲô˵á 
Ա㣬Ϣһ£ҲŻȥҲûԣǾڳ˯һ 

13 

⼸죬ҶҪһͷˣǳԱ˾˯ġ⼸ɫ˲٣ðЩȻҲ˲١һ쳤ӣҸֻϧڡ֪ΣûģǱҲûãܰչˡ 
⼸쵹Ǻ۸ˣֺҡҸ߹ûʲô⼸ദúܺϵˣʵǸˣ˶УҽЩϲˡҪѾҲֱӾ͸һˡ 
ʱúܿ죬ٹʱ͵ҼˣҲôˡҳü˵㶼ҵˣҪˣҶ֪ʲôˡ 
תݳ˺ðΣֿڵҲûʲô£Ҫҿסңٽ㼸򵥵Ĳˣô 
Ҿϲץĸ첲˵ģûƭңʵҶϣһӶסҼˡ֪Һ˽ϲҪߡָоǺϲңǣΪҵĶǳֻܶԲˡ 
һоֲףÿŷŪóԵġҸ˸ÿ춨ʱιΪԼ 
ס᷿Ҵס᷿żһᱻԺﺫ轣Ūѣһǵõһο轣Ρ 
ԵеˣǵĲ̫˯þûƽʱˡķΪҪˣ滹˺ö򲼣Ҿȥա 
ߵԺͿһƬ˵ĽӰҿôˡµ»кԺ¹£һµĺıšһ̣һһһ˵ĽʽȴĴ˳ԵСű˸ǿݵĲ񷲼ˣһλһ㡣 
ӦòϲҰɣҿʼʱҲᣬֻҽѶѰɣӰҶЩˣôһȫҲʲôŵ˽أ 
˽ƣתͻȻеԭΪǵľϲң˺󣬿ʼ֮ദЩˡ 
˺ܾõĽ΢ЩҲǴһĨ죬ˮ˳ջ¹ͭɫĲӡġͻȻЩڸҸˡ 
ȴҷӣ¶ÿ֮ǰĻЦôסˣ 
Ҿҵ亹ðˣ˸ɾ͸ϽˣζЦ 
ÿλµĺҾͱֻóԼܶԲһģʱ޷һ 

14 

Ѻܶ࣬Ҽס˼ŰݷˣżҲӦһЩ˵븰һЩѲԼᾡһзܾ˵Լܻġ 
һ죬ȥһʵѲᣬֻʣҸڼҡû˵ˣ߷ʱŽԺӡΪǺͳ˳ȥһҳԾˡ 
ҳ˼ĺ΢΢ЦվǰȴһƵˡЩˣ𣿡 
³ˡ֡ظصִʱȴޱȵҳȥ§ڻͻĻӵסҡ 
ұҹǣҵЩԼǲˡǻʵĸоҸжĸͷͽʵĺ󱳣ϵ 
ãǲŷֿôţ࣬ɫҲ˲١أȴһסգҶô࣬㻹ֵⶼཱིˣûĵģǲѹͰˣһ˵ͦ˵ģǺӦòҵİɣ룬һֻһζģװֱҵӶЦ˲Űա 
˷䣬ӹ˿̧ͷЦеģҲιôáˣԭˡҿЦӣﲻɵӿһС§ͷﱻÿЦǳЦŵųˣɵ۵ĲӾҧһڡ 
ŲӵһּۣҿңͿʼëë˫ֻ֫ߴһ߹ߴ˿һʼ£ʼҪط 
ͺᴭҵ̽ʱһŪˡʱҲȻ򣬽ӹӵķֳﱧסݺ 
Уȥ˱˴˵Ұѹڴϣʼ˱͵Ĳӣһҵĺۼ˱¶ĺᣬŪһ󼱴ҲɵûĵĿʼҧǵһġ޳ʱŷŹҧͻǣͷƯؼͦĺɫ⡣ 
ȫһҲʼ˱ѾСβǿС⡣̲סؿ޽ס죬С㣬ǽٺҲסǵͨ졣 
ܿͲķѹ£ʼͬķԸҲҪƳҵҧزҧסǰʱһ̲סȻǻһεġֻһһ˱ͰŪȫͣʼҧҸղβʱڲӵİһ־ĵ鷭ɨǰСȻ׵׼ʹֶˡ 
Ҵַֿ˫ȣм䣬ŻڵЦŵ¶һΪΪթЦݣ͵ͷƽ̹СͣһᣬϸϸǹСϵÿһְ̽ɰĶ꣬ǵһĲҲ 
òͣץסҵͷֹңȴʹˣֻǲסš 
һţһߵЦôܲܲ˾Ұ 
ҧס촽ֻǴӱﲻͣȵıϢǿıʾľġ 
ҿģսˡȻﻹǾƷе㲻ܽܣΪԹԳҵ֮£ҵͷǸ߸ͦĶˡʱͱˣʱȴı⣬ͷҧڲϸ۵⡣ʱķһϸ˿ҿʼĵĿҧΧϸеƤſںסһ˱ 
ұƵץµı죬ͲסĴгң㣡ң㣡۸ˡ 
̧ͷһۣѾˣĶʱôϴսأҺסѾͣڳҺȻǺҧһǾø߳һΡ 
ڷйһصڴϴڴţۻûɡĴѿʲľҺԭɸ̧ͷߺЩȥʱѾҪˣ̧һҪͦȥȴײۡ 
ֶȡ 
ȴ˵˾䣺ողǺôˣ 
⣬ˣҸϽסװСҰŶģ´βˣһȫģ췢Ļ𣿡 
ͻȻһȫҵģ 
ǲǲСİԼ˰Ǿһ׷ҧҧˡ 
ϾԼˡֻʪԼļְָ̽Լ󣬻ذһ˽ȥϴΪϴһСĵĳŴٲ⼸ܿ죬ĳѪõɫĺͥͱÿɣݵĸָͬʱˡ 
ҽ˽̲ס˺üοˮŴȣʱҲע⵽ϲΣȽҵǴ¡̧һȹҼ򣬾ͦûڣȻһ㶼ûܾң׵ľͽҡ 
ҿʼֽȵڱţһ߳Ҫܵʱ̧첲§סңĺ촽Ͼȫûˡ 
һߴڴһ߽ǣȻۣĶ㡣 
ҽذӵڻռԵĻͷ۵ļŴ˿ҵķ㡣ңҵһƷ˿ţĲӺͼ 
оҸ۾ɵЦҪһôȥͺˡԸôϣҹǱġȻƽյʱ仹磬վ˾˶ҾѾǼˡټϣҵθ̫ˣãȥ֮ǰõķˣȻҶҪˣڵѾԼĺͷķΪʳˡ 
ҽҲ·Ե㶫Ѳ˰ںú̻ʵĳҲⷹ޲ڣҺӦ˼䣬ȻҸ˵Ա֮Ұ᷿ﱧʱ˯ء 
һᣬ˻ƻ裬ŵιǮͻȥˡҸһ죬˳㶺档 

15 

ˣҿʼе㵣ĺˡȻ֪ԼĵǶģǻǺֺΪʲôڻҹİҿʼ񲻶ˣĴҲĲɵˣǵҵĶһԶ䲻һ۵ҪˡǺҵĻǷŲȥ 
˲þˣǷϵģֻôطЪϢݲϴ˾˴§§СȻȱʲôĸоˣܿ˯ˣȴѵ˯Ĳ 
ȥð죬˯ţǲʲôƵġߣʧߵ˶ϲʯϷŴϰԲŲ԰Сʱʱ͵һҲ 
ȻǴСС֨ѽһҵضģһҡҡλεİɫӰˡǸɣҵĿᵽɤˡǸӰͣסˣȫ¹棬ԭ 
ľƣͷ˼ڣһ㶼ûƽյ˧ұǰȥģˣƺƽʱ̫һҾЩԥˡ 
žƣͻȻγ˹ĽôôȻԵãȴһĸоҿôһġۡվȥڵѽָأͷ˾ơҲ֪ҵĴڣҲû轣ֻվźȾơֻһԶĵطվˡ 
һ£˾ƣתҡҿ飬һıҺѹͷ̾˿ľ͹Ҳ̵ǰľƺʹȰˣ𣿡 
ҶľƺͷҡҸ˿һͷȻˡҶľȴ֪ʲô鿴ֻôͷŵ档 
ְҵ̧˫ӡҲֻܶþôֱֱôš 
ΪʲôƵҡ 
Ҳ֪λشģ⣬ֻò 
ʼ÷ˣ½˫ҵĿһƬãȻʣʲôѡңΪʲô 
Ȼԭˣˡò³һ֪ĻΪ֮ǰ 
һȻʹȴΡ 
૵˵ͲһĻ𣿡 
ʱ˿ҵǰζӳ°µһθе˵ΡΪֱȻû̶ֳȣΪζǺܰʮʹ࣬Ҫ˵Ǿ仰ԲⱲҲܡ±һû˵ͱס죬˻ 
±ӣ±ӣΪʲôԸⱲӣΪʲôѾˣûôңҲû¶ô顣 
ܣѹĲô޲λܰҷǣҪֽܷ֮ʹҲϧµ޷ʩˡ 
ڷſңҲһ˵ϡҪȥȴһֶƺִںңôȰҲˡ 
εߣûһӵŽκεѽ֮ʹѾֻôˡ 
ڴڵĺţǴյ۽ǻܿ΢΢顣ǣۣҲסҲܶԲҪһЩô㣬һҵһҸõ˵ġ 
ˣڵϣǺЦţȴᡣŷû˦ҵ֡ʹӵȴû취ӵϷʱһ˫ҺһѺͻķ䡣 
·ϣȻĬšڽǰ̲סˣסͷǰ 
ḧҵͷĬĬ 
̧ͷ㡭𣿡 
ȴİұ˵ô᣿ô˶ҪҪôһˣʲôùأ 
ѵõ黰ȻжȴЩ¶µģһЩŲǸˡΪ˰ЩԲ뷨Ұӵĸˡ 

16 

ƽҹվƽĹȥˡҸ֮ҲûܴӸϽǻõǣûѶɡָֻʼ飬ٱˡ 
ûͻȥˣҲû뿪ҵļȻǺң 
ߵ죬ѷ˺þãŹֿ 
ˣңΪʲôɴ 
һ⻰Щ̲סˣǺһ䣺ɼ 
ɼǺֵظ⼸֣û˵ʲôˡ 
𣬾ͳѧˣ֮ǰҶֻ첻ֵģǰֻһζңңʵʵϸҪҪ뿪ˣҳԲ߱ģֻ̻ңҵһֲ֪ķ꣬ǹԣ÷εʱǣϺúѧӦҲ׸ԭֻǱ˴˶˵ˡ 
Ȼһ죬һλİĿˣҲйΣȲͺҲһҪࡣҺģҲһӣ֪ĲСҿͶû˺ɫ 
˽磬ǺĺѣҳյģΪҪˡһҶûøˡȻû취ֱ̾ĵˡ 
ҶûøУһĶԶﾹҲûÿźĻˡҪǷӣͰҵѨڳҪһ۲գĿ޵ҪٱѨֻùԹԵѧһķ˵ǱȺʱóԶˡ 
ʱɿعȥˣתһ¾͹ȥˡҸദҲʼʱôˣżǻ̸ϼ䡣 
ѧˣ࣬͸ˡ̸ҲǺŵģ֪ΪΣһ׾ͻȥˣ̸Ҳûôֽ 
ʵĲζôô񣿡 
һһ˵ҸһѧЩˡ 
Һˣһλʦ 
̧ͷһֵۣͷȣǣʱˡ 
ʵļ򵥣Ҳصü򵥣Щˬˣ̣ʵҲӦû书ɣ 
һӦı飺ֻһġ 
Ĳ֪ʵʵǺĺˣֱ֪ȥ˰ɣ 
Ǹ֪ 
Ŀ챻ˣʲôʲôһֶ˵ˣ 
̲סˣ죬װһݺݵңȥʲôȥˣȥˣΪʲôҪȥ˵ 
ƿңŲĿڣ䣬̩ɽ 
ǡ̫˺ˣǶشˣ⸱ӣÿʡòʡƽһγ˿˵ĳ嶯 
ȵȣûĻȥı𣿾֪ں˰ΪʲôҪȥμƽﶼ֮Ψֲִ᣿ 
ͻȻһֲĸоò᣿סˣҿʼÿȥ̩ɽõǣҲЩȥǴһ£׼·ˡ 

17 

ȻҪȥǻкܶҪһ¡ʱ̫嶯ûϸôҲڵλ˵徲˵ϲûСӼأذɡǼŻؼңΪһȥֻÿζĻؼңȥԺ׼ķʢȡ 
ãǾСһһߡұƥҸ綼ܼ·ֻˡһ·Ұò󣬾ŲҪΪܾ쵽طֻúãȻÿϢʱһ׵պʹҪ 
ҹ̣ÿεϢһʱȻۣĽȴƵҲòӱ޵ĸ·ҲǼ֮˺ö࣬ҲáܲʱȴԾһԵٴ·֪ԼûĴ·֪²̩ܵɽ֮£ֻ 
ڣֻʱ䣬Ǿ͵̩ɽҼվɽʱпѣǸӳ˲ٿͷĵطڵˡҪģһеƣ˭֪ô֪֪࣬ҲܾͲҪҿĶӴˡ 
ɽҲֻǿʼİɽãԽԽҿǰ಻ɽ·뵽²ܵˣɽ˽졣Ǵľ͵̩ɽɽŵģǵȿɽСĵƻʱ춼ˡ 
ˣǺܿģ־ͲһĿģ۵ðټΪ쵽ˣûʲôڶѾǰˡɽΨһһҿջס£۸ҾͿʼﲻͣǸ̰ϰ壬ǮҶ㲻סˡǸǮϰЦˡһûˡáЦݣǸŻ 
ݲݳ˵㶫ϴ˸ˮ֮ұ۵Ŀ޲ҡߺţ׿˯ˣ˿ʱüͷ磬ţһҾߣ־ּ 
粻ͷ˵㲻𣿡 
Ҫȥ˯ҲһֲðŪѣͷʹţѾ˵ſڡ֪ҪȥԻһ˶ﲻܵģû취ֻסһСܺһߺܿͲͷضһӣİССЦҾͣ˵ŷİɣ͹١ 
ﻹǲ̫ģһּסңṦһ߸̾ıһһ߱ߵŻ³ĶˮȻĻ֪᲻һҡΪĹ۲죬ɾļֱ񻰣ֻֻ˵˵˭֪ôҡΪҶ۲£ƽʱһĶŵǣԼŰɣΪǵֶλ޲˵Ҳ㣬ֻܴʡ 
ڰҷˣҰڵϣֱָŻһᣬŻվһվҪҵȥվ˽ŸҶϸɨһǰ龰 

18 

һƬѹѹȺͶǰҴûôվһټڣҸ޷ȵʱǰһ׳۳档ȺȻܼ©һЩ⡣ҺҲȥڸ߽żһۣԶԶһļܵĸ߸ߵ̨ӣƺ˼㣬ҵﻹûôãֻϡ̨Ӱȥ 
ٿһʱ߹һץסңʣվôϱץʲôһץһʵʵҡͷϡְҼɵ̨ܽһϣȻͬʱҲˣǾվǿճ֦ϡȥ˵ֻǷƵĺͲٳˡȻҶиλӺܿģǶǺܺաһȻӣҲÿˣתͷ̨ϡ 
̨ϵ˲Ҽˣʱ˼ҹ˾վǰȻ֪ˣھЩԹĿֵֵĵץס䣬״ε˵Ǻȴü˦ҵ֣ЩֺĵĿֵ˵䣬ҲˣղҵַڵˣεЦţ˵ǸңֻðĿ̨ϵĶ 
ܿ죬̨ϵҵע찡Զô˧ôˣ˵ĶҲôˣԵĿˮҪˡ 
ԣٸŶĵݺһȭҮ̫ˣ 
ұ𰡣ٺݺһţ֪жʹ 
ٰҧһڣһѩ׿ɰݴһŵģ 
ٰҶȭ 
̨˵ķֻо̾ķݣǸһ˲˰ǸһµǻҲ̫˰ɣҵӢĺȥҧߣҪҧԼҧȥ 
̲סҲһ˧ 
ʱܾҸеȫ˶ϿԱߵҲԱƣԶЩҶһ֦סյͨȻǿǻ̲סܱܡôô׳գֻôѿڶأ 
̨ϵĺҲֵ֣ͣĿ˿򡣲ãܿҡҡͷתҪ̨ͻȻ͵һ𣬲Ҳȵһ¡̣ȫ˶ʼɧ 
һȻ֪巢ʲô£ҲǺ¡ҽźȵ壬ŵߵ磺ôˣ׷ʲôû°ɣ˺ܾöûشȺȻҲںЩʲôȴʼżתͷ磬ȴɫһ 
Ҵûı˵ݣֱҪʲô˻ҧһ㡣ֱһͷŭ˵ޣҿ־һĭعͷ̨ϵĺȴ 
̨ϵĺȻ·ȣą̊́ˣãҪ̨ʱһ˰ȥˡ̨µ˵ķŭԽԽߣֱҪҵĶʱһ̨ߵǸϯ̨ĵطվһһڵˣھ̫ԶĲʮַ 
ֱʱԱߴԾ˷Ǹ쵰ˣֱﲻݣȻִ˳֮£ 

19 

ˣ찡ôܣ书ôߣǸĻ쵰ȻҰҵĺҺݺ=ĶǸȻڵϵûעǸһµѾµ̨֮ϡǸȥʱҾȵķǸ쵰ʼǶһʱȫһ˲䶼ƺڵʲô鷢 
ߵǸ쵰ǰʱ̧ͷ̨µЦһЦǲЦһѪЦһЦϳǸˣǸҲܸһԭҲΪ޵ˣұӶʶ֮ʣһǿ˲ĿõһĻ 
˳һֱϵĽɹǸ϶ʱ쭳ĹѪ˵ĲҽУ˰ȾѪĳϲ£ѽջ˽ס˵˫磬һѵĿ쳹᳡˲ҽ˹ȥιȥҲãͲٸеʹˡǺ˺ݺݵѾѵļһţְˡְγ˽ֱ˵Ķ䣬ӣְѽҽеһ֮³һ飬ͷ󣬺˶˵һֻ۾ 
̲סˣץɣ˳´ˣڴһ֮ĿϡƺҲܲˣͷķ߻ȥҵľѾˣ֪ĻֲľһҲˡ 
һСķңһ˵ǸεΪֹΪѪ̵λûսĻͻΪ˰֮λġ֪ΪܵȺΪ㣡֪ܺãԸ˳ǵЩ֣ȥ鿴֪ȻͽܣҲ˵Ǽ򵥵ʦͽϵ汻ΪͽܣʵȴΪܰĵ߿μԭмִᡭ 
ҵ˼ԽԽˣġС˶ٿࣿѹ糿һ˵ĿģֲԸߣԭǸѪ˺ҡÿδȥʱ˻᲻ĥǸộôܲ˵ʤڵĺѾˣΪΥط˰Ǻ᲻ᱻҲˣԽԽңԽԽģԽԽ¡˿ɲԶƽµĺúûţܵκ˵˺ңҵĻҲǶôѹĴΣ֮С 
ұһҡŪһЩ񿴵粻ͷı顣 
ʮַŭĽң˵㵽һΪʲôôרܵΪʲôܾ㵽𣿡 
ǰϲĵһΪʲôѡκһʱĶʹѹΪʲôѡһڣΪʲôôᶨΪʲôһ˻ǶôĸԸϲϣΪʲôΪʲô˼ӻˣ벻ͨĲףҸôŪ 
Уƺ˵ҪȥҺ֮Ļڶ㲢û̫ˣΪһףûͨҾûеκһˣǺΪô࣬Ӧʲô̬ȥ 
ٴδ˼һЩʱѾվһİķŵ 

20 

˭дϤʱ뵽ľתӣŴ򲻿ִֻһѯʣλ˵εֻŲݣվߡ 
㣡ôأࡣ 
˰죬شҪģֲҡͻȻܼʣôȣ簡ĺô 
ҰΣ̾˿˵ֲ֮ˡ 
µ˵롭㡣ġ㡱СҶһǿ΢΢еˡ 
ʲôÿģǴɱɱģͻȥɣӦҲˡװûʼתƻˡ 
С˵ҰҲˡ 
ȻˣϰȥҲΪǿǣܵű֮ôСô 
߽ĿӲͣסţ֪ǣڼҲġˡŬıȻû޵̾һ 
ôǵˡˣ˵ˡ̲ס˵ס˿ڡ 
ҵͷܣʵ㶼ºȱ𣿡 
ָָϵĵӣ˵ôǵô֪Ҫ˵Ż 
ƵôҴԶһˣ㻹ң 
˺ˣˣǣϱʲôôѲļһ 
㻹ңߣţ㲻Һܴѹģ˭㳤ôߣ̫ɶˣţҿʼɧʵദʱҵɧʵҲһֱ 
ģκɫԿĲ 
ֵҲվʵôˣΪʲô 
ͨ˰죬³֣ˡ 
Ҳ̲סЦԭ˵ã࣬˵ǣõҲܿ졣ǡѵôߵı飬̲ס˻ģ˵ɣԶЩҽԲŪã°̺۵Ļѿģҿõʲôҩ˵ţҪȥĿӡŵϽס 
㡭Ҫ𣿡ѵʧȥ侲Ĵ 
ǿסЦţȻǿСƨϵˡȴһ˵Ƕˣʲô˼ģǣҴһЩҩЧܲģõҩõĻҵͿ 
һһ׵ģһûɫôЦǡ¡ҪȥǽſӲšװһᶨı鿴һۣ֡ 
ҹĽ⿪һץסĿһһһ͵ѵߵͨҷ֣ĺÿɰͻȻелǸ䰵ļһϾͱھ棬ҡҡͷŪĶ 
㣬㶯㣡еͰ͵Ĵߴٵ 
һߴӦţһ߽͵̫죬˿ѿģҲ 
һĿѪɫˬƽʱʱұתҪһλ÷ 

21 

˿̣Ĺ⻬ԲƨѾȫ¶ǰˣֻǿϧڽӽȵһطĽʵʵĸȥ͵һ 
˵Ҫ⿪һ£𣿡оûзԵ˼ͶֽһȦһȦĲ²ʱֲɱĲڲƤϣͷһϸϸĸ񣬶ңµƤԽԽȣҲ΢΢ҿʼеԥˣƺڵʼϵķչˡ 
ǣͣ£˻Σû취һӲͷƤȥɡ 
Ѿȫ⿪ˣ˿Ҳ¶ˣ̵˿Ϳһ㵭ɫ͸ҩ࣬ҩϴҵĻҪõöࡣǶһˡ˿ڸƤƺʱһЩҵˣҿʼĸϱüֲ¹ַ˱ 
ΪÿӣֹԼٵİ·ãȴûת֪ԼãŻôεġһʱҲ֪˵ʲôźá 
ҲǡӦһûͷ߳Ϊʲô£ת˵ʲôʱȴֺıʹࡣ 
һͷһǿЦĻղſ϶ͲֻǰþߵĶ԰ɣ 
Ҳǡȴֲ֪Ȱοźá 
ľûһط𣿡ڲûôڵƺѾȫɥʧˡ 
Ĳǣϲ㣬ϲ㣬ǡġô죿ǼȶԲ㣬ҲԲҲԺѹԣǶô㣬ôˣҲܾô㡭ԭңԭҲһᶨˣһ㹻õģֵ㰮ˡԲ𣡡ұס˵ЩصĻĲˣû취˶ĶҸģҲֵǵİ䣡 
ҪϲҵĻ͸ϴȻĻǶǼٵģҲţܼƺѾʧȥˡ 
ұƿһӽ˺ϵ·ֻʣЩǻΪⲻŷġ 
ŬЦſң㲻ϲ˵ҸȲƤְֺãְֺ׳㿴žûоǺã㲻Ը⣬Ǻãܿ˰ɣ 
˵˵žҽػӵסȴʧһѹϣȻأԸ⣬ֻҪһʹ顣 
أƽ࣬Ұ򴲱ߣطƽڴϡڴأֱ˯ҾʱǱһ˻ 
ңֻǽ죬𣿡ҡû˵ֻǽ⿪£ֻ˴ɵߡϾ˫ֽرסңһעͻƵġ 
һҹţ˯ţ˯ú㣬Ĵ˺ࡣҾôĿ˯ֱˣ⾹ִƺҸһģ˸ڡţֱģģշǰҲŽ˯ȥ 
ʱֻһˣѾȥˡҵģ֪˻ǸʹһͿȵڿջʱһͷײ˱˵Ļѹ 
Բ𣬶ԲҸղڷԡҿǰʱʱŵõ˼˵ϣǸ̵ˣҾȻײϣ 
ҵԺȫǸѪȵĳ棬ȫѾŴˡ 
õǣֻǲмĿһ۾ˡֻ˰ңȴûע⵽һĵߴҴƳ 

22 

ߺһᣬҲȻôڵʵǺܶ˫ȷʵˡ 
߻ؼ綨ҵķ䣬ȥ֮ŷһˣе㼱ˣСһﻹûôõ뿪أ֪ǸСչ˵ܲܵôˣûιԶҿʼĴҴܣǸСһȦûҸˣòǻ쵰Ҷӹȥ˰ɣҳȥҺҲڷأסǼ䷿ˣȥ˵ 
߽Ǽ䷿ſڣСһ￪ĵѽѽڷģ˽ȥ 
һţͿ˵ĵֱСԱ磬ȻԵõĳ㡣ֺܰгһĻ֪ΪΣ￪ʼðһǿҵ⡣ 
ҽһûӦңֻǰң˵˾䡰ˡͳȥˡе㲻֪ıӰֱ̾˿ת 
Ʋֵߵ£ŻﲻͣŤСһ﷢ 
ǾνĽ취ߺߣЦżҡ 
Ҳûʲô÷ֱģϾݺݵ˵˺ʵǲ֪ô졣ҲǶĵģҸôУ 
ˣֻҪ̫֣Ҳ㡣ˣ첻ıôûȥҧһڡ 
ı䣿ոպ񿴵ֲǺȷһȥɡҸ˴ǣ뿪ˡ 
ұŲ̫ʵСһȺһţȻһ·ӭ˲ٺĿ⣬Һںһ·ǰСоҲܶ࣬ƾҵߣվں϶ᱻģ߿Щϵǰȥɣһôţһ߿ʼӿŲ 
òڼһֻ̨ʮԶλãҶ̨Ͽȥ촩һ׵·Եǿ㲻ĶҲ֮»ǲԶˡ̨һվȻģҵĿȫˡΧ۵ڿԼһ 
һᣬҵĲӶЩ˵ʱڿ̨ϵ໥˱ȭ俪ʼˡ 
̨ϵǻһ̣ų˴˵֪ýԾõȴǵһûĵ΢΢ĽխĵҺõ˶ܰǽõȴʮţҿôһŵǱŤţҵŽ˧ԳƵϾ֮ 
Ǹ̲סˣŵǰˣǾվţûһ˿ĽŸС 
ҿŰѺСˣʹһҲ۵ģ˵ĵô˵ĻСأ 
˵ĵһʱԱһ˵ĵˡ˵ŵĲʺõأ濴ʼӵʱģĴôһɺݾ 
һʱ֣ͣ˫ŵʼƶһشͷĽڱ 
һȦεߵʱٴγ֣Ծһӳĵٴաʱ̨µȻ书Ҳˣ˸Ķ֡ 
˲Ҹӳ嶯Ļӵ˹εˣÿ죬һ˲ýָ˵ľ¡ 
εıûЩҲкܴˮֵģǸԺÿֻļ;һġ 
ҿ˳ͿĵĳＷ˹ȥڿߵǰˣҿĵشһعͷû˵ֻɫұ졣ЩƵҲĵĴҪͻȻˣ§ҵĲӣҶ촭ˡ֣ôˣֵܿ˿˹ 
죡һ˹ŵһ£Ͻֱ˶ӡתȥŵҲֵ˵ϣõΧ˿һ£ַһѡҸϽܽȺҪұӦΪһᱻ˺ 
Ǹ˲õĿһۣתȥͷʦ߹ߣҲûһ۾͹ȥˡϸˣʱͷһۣһǸ⣬Σİ⡣ 
עıӰǰٸн˵Բ£ǣ֡ΪʲôҪôѵľ񣬿ԵĻԼ룬ָˡ 

23 

ұĬĬڻȥ·ϡΧǶڴ̸Цţ۽ıȴʼһ£ҵ׸ôôŻԵˣҶκһ˷Ҷ᲻ãǾôȥ˶ʹ֮еġ 
֪䣬Ѿص˿ջڴ£СһſԼ棬ҼʱְѿȥСһźá 
䣬Ѿ磬оѿտҲұû˯ԴԼЩ˾˷š 
ߵһŵãСҪСˣҪһŨ׼ιܿ죬˾ҰСһﰲڻιιһڣſھʹһ 
Һ̧ͷÿ߽Щкʺġһһ񣬴ҲŶֺǺǵ£м뺫ȥͬϯԥţһҡ糿̬ȣЩԥˣֻþô 
ֻתͷ˵˾ʲô˸ֿˡЩ˷ܣЩҪһҲȷֻþǡõǣֻǵͷһ£Ĵߴˡ 
鸴ӵվͻȻ䷢Ҹ֪ʲô̬ġҲˡʱѾˣҵ࣬ҵҲб棬һһλӵĿ϶ҵֳȥˡ 
кţúˣȴֻӦ˼ûȥҲֻþôǻСһ￪ʼʵˣʼѽѽĽ˫Ҫ̧ͷڵְ˹ȥְ˹ȥŵιڵĺڶԴСһķʽϣϸĵĶҪˡСһҲÿοҪ첻Ҫˡ 
ҿֻ֣ü𼸸˹ʳ֮ζĿĲ˺ܿҲǼƺûθڣֻкڲͣι 
ҳ˼ھͳԲˣöģȴ͵һ㶼ˡ翴ҷ˿ӣֻȰ˾䣺ٶԵɣ㲻úóԷôĴ󣿡μ䣬ֻ˿ӣǿĳȥ 
ܿԹԵİһ඼ȥҸϽӹ˸ãϥϡ͵ۿ˼غҲûɵĳ˼ھͷ˿ӣæȰ 
Ҿôʵû˼ǡûӦֻεıųԵıȥˡ 
ڴϣҲ˴ţץҵְ档ϳĵúÿҵĶӵͷ߶ôˣҲ˲٣ȸտʱ˼أһĳοҸһůļңȻҳһ·ϱǣôĵĳԼ 
뵽ˣǶǽСһһߵģʼնİҺǣȴûҲֵġҲǸøףǣҾǸðˣܸҪġ 

24 

һᣬҿ˸ĹǷͰ§ұϣ˯Ҳϰˣܿͳ˯ˡҿ˯Сģģ̲סһ£Ҳ硣 
ҽ˯֮ʣƺ˽ţԺľǻþ;ȥ˯һᣬƺΪҸ˱ӣԺĸое㲻ˣ 
ҿˣҲһ㡭૵˵ЩʲôǱͿ׾౿һǲ֪˵ʲôá 
ʱЩ֪ĺʱҲЩˣôҾͲһۣôңˣߣۣԽ˵Խûʱͣ˵תҪߣ 
ҸϽ׷´ЬҲ˲ôıǰסߣҾס˦ңԴӱıס 
ظеϱýӲˣҸϽּһ䣺ϲ㣬뿪ң£ַˡ 
ֻ̾һ˵Ǻοأܽңο໹ǱԼ˵ֻأ 
Ҹ§סһеİͷʵıϡֻһ£ź߿ĻһһӣҼᶨһһĸ 
ûٷңֻһζЦҡͷ 
Ұתңעҵ۾Ȼٴο϶ظİˣ뿪ңߣߣ𣿡 
עң˺һᣬ̾˿˵ôôԣأҪĶʹҲ⣬ͬܽûУ 
Ҳ֪Ҳ֪Ҳ˺þãҲ֪Ҳ벻ףڡҲȥˡ 
Ұͷʵǰ˵Ҳ֪ҸģٿΪұɸղҿӣĺʹúްƳԼһᣬҲһᡣҲûô㣬ǵδҲǺҸģŬԣ𣿡 
ҵĻܹûʣʵҲûĵģһΣΪһΡ 
̾һϤ˵һ仰仰ҿĵıݺݵһ¡ǰܸ鷳ˡ 
ź׵һ㶵ʱֽıססһδҵԺͺˣңңҲҵģ˵ˡ 
ô죿һᣬڱҷſһЩ˵ĺ˿ʱҡ 
ʮָɴĻش֪ 
㣡ˣôּһأϱǷģε˵ȻҲĽİ⡣ 
ǰңҲ㣡ްһ£Ҳųٳٲ⡣ 
ͷЦŵңĴͷѴӡҵĴϣС˱ş̌ͷӭǣǵĵڶǣµǣȴҵԥɵġ 
뿪ҵĴ˿治ţǵˡ 
һЦشⲻ㣬ֲǡ˵ţͷס꿴ʵȴޱȵı 
ҿ飬ûⳤ룬ϴθֵˡ̾Ϣ֮Ҵ󵨵ĿʼеĻﳤ࣬ʼҵʱĳݼ䣬򦣬ǻڣżɨᶯĵطȻ׷໥һ 
ҲһǸܵĳȼӲʱҲˡڿཻͬʱҲʼ˫ȥ̽ϵдʱ͵һ𣬲ƿҿʼŬıסȴ̱ĸĦܿ죬ƾҴˡ 

25 

ڷſĴʱϣûб֧ŵֻŬıصĶ壬ҵĻﴭϢƽ 
𣿡ҹеʣоϣƺЩİǿ΢һЩ֮⡣ 
ʱͻȻƿңЩֵ߹ȥȴͨվԭǺˣÿɰ 
ұס˵ȥ㷿ɣ˯һ˵ţһ߹һԲķɫǺǣ£ĶҲ÷ˡˣԸͷ 
ǣȵĴ֣߳ţͷغţ̧ͷЦһ£ֺˡ 
ķ䣬ϸźţְеĴغãŷĵ߽ҡ 
߽ȥͿŵĴվһЦչȥƬĥѾײı˵ɣ˵˴ߡ 
ֿʼΪ⿪´ܽţǺҡ 
ѵһʱеŵİסˣʼҶ˵Ϊʲôֻҵģ㶼ûѣ 
û˵ֻվһĽеʱȴֻƳҵ壬ֱҡ̲סһЦһ·ûˡ 
˿һǰ塣⻬еڵƤŽʵȳƵ壬׼ĿխǴŵë˺ŮΪ֮̾壬ֱǳǳɫķʱѾȫͦҳϵʾ˵ű΢΢һ޵衣ϻΪŵıˣˡ 
ǰеʵû°ɣ 
Щεϴס壬ߺ˵Ӧû¡ 
ĻشҲڷҲ˴ѹϣȻЩߣİΧҵĲӣľġ 
ƣǵĲʱЩɵ˵Ҫ𣿡 
һЦĻ𣿡 
ϾǺˣô᣿ֲû˵˵ţҲ֪˵©ˣֲҿζĿ⣬ֻתͷű𴦡 
ֵͷȫ¶Ĳӣҧ˱ű˵ұ㣬úõİȫúðһ飬ֲôεĹ𣿡 
Щй˵ˣôɣˡ 
֮󣬾Ͱ˫ֻ쵽˱棬ظǹļһᣬҵǰССĺӧʼʱʱصʼʱֱűһĻȵҵͷһʱͲٶ˵ˣʼŬĺϽͣ 
ҺǱüӲ˵ҲȷܲˡñһҡҺ޺޵ҧһΪͷľȻһ£һͦгġ 
ҿʼճһֻּ죬丧Ƭ֮󣬾סǼӲȵڣȻҲûסʼֵĶʱʱ©ֶֻķ̧ͷʧı顣 
ųʱļͷѾʪ͸ճϣصĴϢʧʪ˫ͫ΢΢ſĺ촽ҿѪš 

26 

ҳûңͰ˫ȷֿǱǴССĽպ͵ĵطϧҵָոҪʱ˹һƿңϱסԼ־˵Ҫ 
εİ§ס͵ողǴӦôᷴڣ˵һԣ׷𣿡 
˼£ΪðŪۣûͷɥ˵ոǸոգڲˣ 
һ£ʵŪ㣿ģһСĵģ֪ǵһΣġҿĶˢһ±ˣ̲סϷŪƵĺסǸССĶ˱ 
𡭡ɺ޵ļһˣһȥˣеɬģھȻ֫ڴϣһξƷģҿԽԽɰˡ 
ѵÿ˵ĺɫǰֲǸ֪Ȥ»ݣȻȥˡſںſ˫ȼ䣬һ˱ǽĴϵĵƼһ߰̽ǸһɰСŪое֮󣬾Ͱָ롣ýҲһ˲佩Ӳ 
ҳڰο˼֮󣬺ˣеżˣǲǸе󻬵ĶҰָҷһᣬҵһҩ͵ƿӣȻ˴һЩҩͻĨǴЩĵطְָͿĨһЩͿʼٴν롣 
Ȼʮ˳һֱ嵽ָҲû̫ܣֻ΢΢ıһЩһḧϵ֮һ߻ָýסֵڱڱһЩú˳ģָ˳ˣҿǰָͣķɫСڣ￪ʼ˰ɣ 
Ұֳ˺һ£˵ҽȥ!ֻߺתͷҡ 
õĬ֮ԼͿһЩҩ֮ѹĽ롣̲סͺһæͣ£ĵʵǺ𣿡 








ҡҡͷ֮󣬲Ļش𣺡ãɡ 
ҿһᣬȷ֮󣬲ֿʼͦ롣ҵȫѾʱ³һֻ΢΢üͷۣ˾䣺ܶ𣿡 
κеյĺҪͶҸ 
Щ룬ôˣ׵ţ￪ʼе㲻ˬˣ͵ضһݺݵĶ롣 
ʱһƺЩˣʼĻ鶯ʼԽԽ죬Ҳʱһ֮󣬺§ҵʼɬӭҿƺѾиоˣͿʼӿٶڳֱ̣Ҹо˫ѾΧҵƺڿҵĽӴ 
ʱͻȻ˻⣬ѷ˳ 
Щɵ˫۲ҡ¶ΪЦݣ˵ҪҪĻתſڴϣŶҪ̧ߣ٬һºƨɡ 
ȴϹԹԵҪĶ⼫ˡҹ󣬷סҵķ׼΢΢ϵСջͳ롣ͽһ֮󣬾ҵǿҹ֮´Ҵͦͬʱһ̽£Ϊ塣ܿ죬ʹһ˳СѨҲͻȻ֮սҧסҵķƵҲһ̲ס档 
ҷϴ˼֮󣬺ƺҵĶϳƵĶ˼ܲҵģӲˡɫǷѵ˵˾䣺һذɣֶ 
˼أϢʵ̫ˣ۵Ҳ࣬Ϊҡ˶ƨϵѿˡֻһ߱һʱʱһȭΪϴϺͰ˿ڣһҲûܵõ׳ĳҹ˷ܸС 
ң֪ǲ̫ˣڸһ֮Ҳ䣬ʱķŭҾҲǺﰮķʽõǣֻ˶̶̵һ£ͻָԭȻ顣ҲΪǴ̫ˣһǰ˼⡣ⶼǺˣҲˡ 
˯ҵķ޵СһιǾӵ˯ȥˡ 

27 

һ磬Ͱǳˡ쵰ŭŰҴӺﾾ˳Ժۣ˸ǷһۣҪٻصůıȥǺѾˣұ˴ϡ 
ôֲǲ֪أȻôǺ˵ 
ҵ˯ʱɢһЩ˿ֿ˿磬һЩͻȻеԲͺˣǸȱл˵˵Щʲô˵˵Ļˡ 
ס죡ôôͽռ˱أһˣô죿ҲԺѹһеġЩͷʹˡ 
ȴ侲˵£֪ףǺϲҲں㡭ѡҲûϵҲڵġ̫ˡ 
һʱζӳ£źҲףʵû˵ĻҲʱˣ͡ʹԸһ𣬲ںʱ䡣 
ҽıסһʱʳԲ㣬֤ӽʼڶԲ㣬 
ֻĻӵסңûϵģģʵԺ˭֮µóأʹԺҡҲԭģɲط˶ģģ 
ʱȴߵ˦¾䣺ǰɣͳȥˡ 
һЦʵֻһʱ߶Ѱˡ 
ҰɡٸһλᣬҪɱҪжɡһúôģֻǡЩֹ 
ȴȻһЦӦò㣬Ц§ң˵ֻһˣҿɲٸ˺ϡĻһһ˵Ŷ 
˵㣬Ȼͬһ𡭡ҸжĻӵסǸû취Լ͸㣬ǣҶǵİһΪģİ˫İǵģģң 
ҵķ˵ţš 
ǽӵţҸУ˺þãŴ۾ʱЩ˼ķֿ 
ֱССȭͷȥץ֣ɰǶЦ 
ܿ죬ͿʼʹˣҸϽҹ˴ЩʹĶ¡ǺǸҳȥ϶ǲ˼ˣ뵽ôɰĹԹҵҪҾЩ嶯ˡǣڻܡҵסңбأ˴£뵽ЩԶ 
Ҽʰһӣͱȥˣº﷽㡣 
˺һᣬҲŸŽȥսȥͿʮ߷ߵ 
ȥҪ㣬Ҳᡭߣһ²׼ң˵˵ţͰƳ⣬һİȴҲ 
εıҵķոջúõģôͻȻ֮أǰ˼⡣ 
ոջصҵķſڣͿŴţŵΪϽſʲôû 

28 

Ϳң͵ʵȥ˰ҲΪȲˣҪأСҡˣԵĻȴ̵ģףﻰⶼڹңȻƺܲͷ 
ĹԹ԰վߣǰгõͼ 
һӵͿĵĶŪҲʱʱǵֵҶ 
㡭пˣҴʱȻοڣȴһ仰˵ 
šСƤ˺ܶɣҲҧˣǲҪˣҲҪϴܣҲܲסﰡôһأȻ񳤴˲٣ţҲ˺ܶأʼੲݵˡ 
ôͣ˵̲ͣסӻȴסˡ 
Ҷ౧һþöûˣϽһα񫡣Ҷ̲סˡЩŵס˿ڣ˵ 
ֻǾ뵽ΣҲֿʼǸѪ֮¡ 
ҵ͵͵ƳҼۣײҵļ磺ôû㣿¡ôˣ˵һͱһͬ§˻ 
ûãû취ȫֳô࡭к£˵ֻͣסˡ 
ֻһֻҲסң˵ⶼԹ㣬㲻Ҫ̫࣬û취ѩޣصߣ˵ûòŶԡ 
ҸϽĻͷôûãûõҲֲ书ûбͣź㻹Ҫܿ࡭ô˵ûðԼıԹԼˡһܵġ˵˵ţҰͷļζƽһЩ 
ֻ̾һסҵҲսһЩ˺һᣬ˵һְɣСһ˲٣ҵֶеˡ 
ҴӦţſ˴ϣϣΪĦֱۣѪüʹС 
ôڣɵôȤ:ѵôڿ죬Ұȫˣеأ 
ð˵ɣȰģҿȷʵʮƣһڴӦ 
ĿңǲǳԴҩˣôôڿ죬ѵðţȰһɣǺۡ 
ǡҪҪ·ĻҪأѨλҲҵöࡣб 
ôôɫǾҪԹˣУԲСװһŭࡣ 
ҲǰҪȥ·ͻȻܽŵƿңĲУٹã𣿡 
ĺ֣һ򶼲ںģʱ򡭡ʹѵʱ򶼲Ź㣿Ҳ̫ˣͼ죬ϾܴǸˣģʱǾһˡҼסָ£һЩ¡ 
һ̬μӱ䣬ΪǣǲǸЩˣʼ4213 
Һգ治ö죬ڻСɸѡźʵ־ش 
ˣǺܵĵıң૵˵㲻ܲҪˣҲĻȥˡϾʣһ˶Һˡ֪Ӳɾû취һɾңǣˣ뿪ңһģ 
ЩǾһֻۣһٵõһٵİοԵİ 
һ֮۵˯ŵӣƵѹˡգ΢΢ҵķ˿ͬСһӵڻ 

29 

ҰϴڷոպȻѣһ߽šˣˡһ߷ɿݾͳȥˣǶڷ 
ʵ϶ȥһſҧҵ½ǣһֵĴŲʵĬĬõĶңһ¡ܵõǵİҼøҸζ̹أҪֱ˵˵أίأǡոֻǲСᵽѾôӦˣҪ˵᲻ɱңѳ鰡뵽⣬ҵͷʼʹˡ 
εıͷִҼ¡Һ޺޵һƴ 
üƲ죺ѵô㶼ȥˣ 
мĿһȥԼˡ 
ѵľôԼӶƲˣʲ찡 
ҲԸңҲҲûңˣҲûðҲסһһƲ֡ѵԵͲ 
ˣǱȥ߰ɣΧʵҲáҸ·ñӣͱ˳ȥ 
һ·ϱǣ˶ĵĲСֱСˣֺÿкóԣ͸һʼʱһҡֱҰ˷ߣһ²ſĵֽСĶһˡһᣬװҪʱͺܿĵİմĿˮϴһˮһ㳤ĺÿİ 
ţֿԱи˹ĵģһˣһ־ץȥҹԶһ㣬ֽһ￿ȥƺ۸ƵġҺȷʵ۸ٺ٣ 
ǰʱһץŲ˹ҡţһץ˿ĵԵȥˡұţֱһ̯㣬̲סͦ 
ҶãһģƺʯɵĶʱȻһһæϰ壺ϰ壬ⲻŪŶԼģ 
ϰΧҲڷŪһЦɻʱһòЦҽ͵λֵܣһʯиɵģ״жɵ飬ٰһһпγֿϳһ塣ҾҪһ͸δŵӣպһһ飬־£ܱͷϣ롣̨Ҳ͸Լ˰ɣܲģ 
ԴǾ棬Ȼ뵽֮ķЩ˴໥Ƶʯ̲סҲġɿʼҲһӵһ飬һ飬Ҵһ飬һ飬뵽Ҹ 
Ƶǣ漸һģûһġ 
֮Уϰ忴Ҫûģһ䣺λСܣѡ˭ô࣬ûģ 
Ҹش𣬵˵Ҫ͸Ұˣǣ²Żش𣺡Ҫ͸˵ģΪӣһġûаɣҴͷɥָָϵʯ 
ϰһ㶣һˬʵĴЦ˰ˣô۰޶Ҿصһʯɣ 
Ծϲʵһ𣿡 
ϰ۾Ȼѵһƭ㲻ɣǸŶеֵǣһ鶼ģȴ֪ΪмһСζŲ㣬㲻ɣ 
£˶ֻûϢպúʣˣˣ 
˳ϸڵֵ塣дŵһĨϣ񽳵ǽĶߣǿ鷺ϵмԲΧƲʣԵö˿ɰȫûȾɫĸоߣΧɫķֱһļΪһ龫µĿÿëǵǺǱԨƣܿͻģоԡĻܾȴִŹʡңǿ鶼䲻ϣ˵ˡ 
ǿ£֣ϰ岻˵öʵôúִֵʸеȫɢƵġҰ˿һֱŵϸţǹˣոջޱأôһζҲûˣԱߵﵹǽ㣬ûղһˣ񰡣 
˳İսУ˻ȥȲֱ𽻸ˣ 
ƿų˽ȥһߴţʲôѽңϧǣճ嵽ŵĴߣͱһԴ 
ĵһۣ㺦ģ쵰 
ͷίôˣûۣôΪʲôң 
һ°ۣ治֪ٲ֪Щҽ츹кģ 
ҿ˵ʲôǣһǲܲ˵㰡 
εĻǿ˿ڣ鷳´Ρ󡭡ЩǸŪɾȻһḹкģ˵תŴڲ಻ˡ 
Ŷԭˣ糿ŻḹʹһţˡԺÿҶᾡİϴøɸɾġٺ٣ŻȻ򣬵漴ռ˱ԵĽԺᱡǵǺߵĶҴһߺǺɵЦš 
òǲŰһһõȥΪͷһʱǶĬĬĳһΪܰҸ֮С 
ҧ½ǲŵ·˹ңոմСеĳҪҿʲô𣿡 
żǼ壬æӻͳǰ廹ƴһģͨ顣ҾʾùȥԼеĪĽӹȥϸϸţȻһǿҿĵļݸ 
ʼȤӹȥְƴ˻ȥȻҵġҿĵţһù壬ǿϵϺߣΪϲӣȻ§סļ磬ͷĶͷ˵ģ㿴ģҵģСûõģΪôࡣҵϣϣһгһ𣬼Ȳܱ˵꣬ҲΪѶֿԶǱ˴ļˡ 
İƴ֮ϣĬĬؿ˺þã̧ͷñˮ˫ңôҵģ૵˵ţллллҲ㡭Զ 
ǽӵţţı˴˰šϣһ˲Զٷֿ 
ӵѽѽĿϡҸһЦͬʱְҲ˽ 
ֱм˵书ʱҲ߿Ͼڣ˼ɵңܾ˵ĸġȻమҲȫ̰˶Էİã 

30 

ұ˷˳Ҫ˼СģһÿһڵĳţżιССϸóԵĵĸ 
ͻȻűƿˣһԭ 
һоƲ˽˷Ѷһһϣһ߰һʣղȥˣþáţҸոҪľƲˣǳԵɣ 
ҿԿĲ˵ȥˣֻ˵תûɣֻǻɵĿһۣȻˡ 
ǻἱҴҳȥӣ͹еʵûʲô°ɣҲ֪㻹£ûü㣬Բ𡣡 
һ߸Ҽвһ˵ûܺóԣԵ㡣ʵҲȥ򳡱ѣҲóԡûˣʱպãûٵ㲻õǸġҺϲġ 
ԣشţܺóԡûٵǾͺãһֱڵأ 
ʵǸûʲôġˣ㶼ȥʲôˣһСԣһʵе㼥ҵĸо 
ҺգǴθ˺ܲӡ󣬸ϽͣûУҴȥģֻһ˺һ˹ģҶûʲôġˣҸÿɣҾöֻʣ·˺ӵ 
е㲻˵ﶼ͸Ů˵ģҲҪȥһҲð 
죺Ųǣ۵ģ˲ǴƵģΪʲô͸㰡㲻Ҫˣߣ 
Ҳˣе¿ӣοҵˣҴҴаҲãһԣҴˡˣˣ 
ſĵİѷ£ҲҪϡ 
Ҽ°ﵥˣɵҲʣܲ𿪵ģǹɵġҿǿӡ˵ֽӹһᣬ̧ͷһʵţòãأҪˣͦϲģ˺òã 
Ҿ֪ҸϽãҶ䲻ˣ㻹ҪǾŰģҲϣԡĻһָ 
գͷ˼Ƭ̣Լϵ䣬̧ͷЦſң㿴ÿɣ 
˹ȥסһҪҲٿһĿˣ 
صĵͷӦţҲıסҡ 
ûˣǰ˯ˡ 
ţʹչסҵĴҵ´Ҳܾû׽ˣȻȻҲӦǡ 
òײŷֿǴڱ˴˵жŨŨ 
С㻹ǵϴ˵ʲôûŻЦҧҵĲӡ 
ҵ￪ʼʮֵľ䣺ǵã˵ʲôˣôǵãˣɣ˵ҾͰ·︧⻬Ƥ 
·סҲʵ֣ˣϴ˵ĻҿǼǵŶӦ´ʱҴõģԡҪ棡ûһعһѹ档 
ˣ֪û£ȻԼˣúްİڳһӿû뵽֮۾ʱΣյеøϸˡ 
ͷҧҵ˱ҵĲɳ˵ֻ֪ҸֱĶ㣬ģһᾡģҲˬġǺǣ 
ޣʲôʱҲѧ˵ֻģȻ˵ҵıŰң찡Һް 
Ŭƿһ㣬侲Ŀ˵С˯أõġ 
һֳۣ˳ȴ˯ϵ˼£תͷ޵ЦݶңûˣʱǲôжѵģġôжûµġǺǣ 
Ҫ㲻ܾôˣϵٳִΣˣš 
ٶ죬Ѿ·ѵĲˣͷǰ˱ǿĿŹһš 
ءţˣȥҾһ㷴ûˣϽٴƿû㲻ǻҪ㲻úϰ𣿻УһȥıأҪˣһɺüģ 
ͷҧȥ㲻ҽˣӲģ 
찡ôǿҸŮĳˣҿޣô찡Ҹô 
ѾַҵϣҪ⿪ˡ 
ҸϽסÿı𡭡㣡ҾȻ˵ֱֻҪǿңӲҵĿ˺һ飡 
ͷסҵ촽סҵĻ˱ҧ˰ŷſˣֻֿԣ 
Ŀ˿ۣҺްˣӽȥˣˣҪ̫۰죡 
ҵı˵񻰡ȻҲҪԵ㣬ҲŪ㣬𣿡 
ίֵĵ˵ͷϾְѾòĿӺڿҲ 
𡭡šҵͷ³̾Ϣоҵķ˿ 
н۵ĵطͣľţϾҪƵģҧס촽ҪסȻ̽˷ǰ˵Сһ䣬˳ 
ڴϴڵĴţûȥڸֱĸоĳطҲ־ѹͼ뵽ˣĸԸұˣұһҲ̫Կ뵽⣬Ӳҧסˡ 
Ҷ˵۵ĻңһᾡЩġ 
˵۵ƭңҸίˡһҲͬĶӴ¾Ŷˡأţʹ̲סǸо౻һѹץµıӡ 
ָҵķһתҵעһ߰οЩܽ 
ϻﲻҾʧˣһҧţһﰵšģָȻڶţͼؿһЩءװ֪˶ٿˣҲǣǸ쵰϶һģ˶ٿడ 
ҵͽһ˼ʱˣȻô˵ڶָأʹٶˣҿܲˣ찡鶯 
أţţѾܿԼˣָȥʹģƺʲôƵ治ͣĹβţҲͣĽг 
ʲôҾ˳ΪȻ䣬һǿҵдβ׵˿ 
ϾȥϸĽͣһһȥ˷ĿСš㣡 
Ȼ䣬ס֣ô˳ȥͣм䣬߽ܵţϣ 
˺þãһĴ鿴ţһ߽һڴϣͿ첽ΪҸϡ 
ЩԸʣںܡ 
ḧҵͷοǸڲܼˣո͵´ټˡţ˵ҡЩߵı۲ȥֱϸϸҵ촽ʱҲŽҲʼӦˡ 
Ϣһ°ɣղǲеֱӦòʹɣҶ 
ʱߺҴûԭڱ¿ôġ 
޷شߺӣЦŰҽ§˻´һģòã 
仰Ҳû취ڻشܾҲ˵ֻԱİͷĻ 
İ֮°´Ϊû·ĺᱡҿ챻ˣֲģ 
еʹʹģһӵĸоͦܵģ治֪Ƕôܹġ 

31 

ˣ˵ûȥˣٲȥĻ¡û˵ˣҲףֻҲЩģĲ֪𣿲ı飬Ӧò˺ɣֻҪ꣬ҾܷһЩˣǣϣܿõɣǸ˲˵еκһˡ 
ҴҵˣҲӴˣΪˣҲȥ㺫 
һֱһųصʳУײţĿһ˵һҾ 
ҺٺɵЦһ£;ɥİŽһ˰ʳľƲȫ˳ǿֻ˼·ͱĥ˰죬ںĴߴ˹ԶԶġ 
ԷʱŸǡҡôɥͲͣΪҼвˣ˵οҡֻʱˣʼĸһˣܿ¿ӳȥˡҸӿЦһҡҡͷ̾Ȼ󡭡ԡ 
극Сʰˣź˴šһᣬüſֱϣҹĵ˾䣺ҿҪҪͿҩû˵꣬ͱݺݵĵһۡ 
еյ˵ԲҲ֪ôܣǣҲǰ취ȻûѪҲ̫Ҳ˵ҩĻܶģΪԼùҺ۵ġ 
ͨˣǻǺΪ飬ȲҿңҲ˵ֻܾһ˯ҹӦòˣƿӣذĿ¶Բʵƨɣ˿ڿˮֿ¶еССջȻ׵ǻǺÿɰ̲ס˵˳ 
ߵİ˱ѹļ¶ͳҩһͿĨ棬СջηƵеʹİճҩָ˾ջڣӾһ߰οĻıһ˵еˣЩǾ۸ָĲͣҶţһ鶯һֻĦǵúͣķƺΪ˲ҧסӣǻǲʱ©ӣÿɰ 
Ҳ̲סˣǲ۸˰ɣҪȻ˻صģеδס֡ҲҰγָǿ˿̱˴ϡ 
Ҹ·§ǺܺߣתҿҲΪ⣬ֻҸİ§ڻ˼¶Ĳӣֿһ˯ĵı۾ 
˺þãѾЩԺʱͻȻƵ˵һ仰Ūʱ 
ǲǺܡңֻǰҲҩҶе¶µġ 
û뵽Ȼһֱ£ɵһЦ˳Ѻ§ˣһЦһ߰οǣһ㶼һϣٷſЩأֻϣֻʱУղŲҩǹģԼˡѽۣȻģұݺһ٣һ㶼ڣΪôɰĺֻһ˲Żῴ 
˺þãҲŻе۵ĺ󱳱ŻЩĹĵĺ˯ˣҸһ˯ 

32 

ʱѾȥˣе㵣ģ·Ѿأʲôɣ˯ţ뾪һȥҺû뵽ǣһţͿԺﺫ轣ĽýӰĶּҹ쳣˵ģ 
Һգ֪ʲôٲһٴ򡣲˵ʵͲڴңҾøһִεķʽ뷨Ҳ֪ҪĻһȭܰҽǣÿεȭͷû£ǵʱеۡ 
ʲôôЦôǷ᣿ǰͻȻ˺õұŵõ˼ 
عżǵû죺У㿴ˣӦûɣŬתƻ⡣ 
ɵҼۣش˵Ŷбˣҵϰһ²С 
Ϊȥǰĺ飬ЩֵҪ˭ȰõôŬҿǰʱĶֶˣôֵһսˣ 
һᣬתͷ㻹ǲ֪ĺã 
ףΪʲô˵ɣңһܵģЩʡ 
һ˽һ˵Ҹ㣬ֻġ 
˵ĺܵģҽĳ嵽ǰסơ 
ĬĬվһ̲תش𣺡 
Ҿȫڵء 
ôҲǰʮǿľأĻǳġ 
ϲ᲻ᡭȻΪȥΪԱ˵ô죿뵽Ҳ˻ˣҵľʹľһš᲻ҵģ˵Ը֪ܲǾ仰̵ĶǺҪȥһԣҲǸҵѪĳ治֡ 
Ҳһеתȥû˼ı顣 
ץס˾ʣܶ˶˵ֻм˵ܸʦһȥϰˡֻʵתϰʱ۵ˣǰϤӰﻹƽһЩ 
ڿһźµӰʱЩԥˣҾͻǸѪȲбĻ棬û취ǰһˡô죿ĻҲû취˵Ҽõתȴ޼ƿʩ 
ûϢ˵仰Ҷ֮£ֻöһߵС͵͵ 
Ǹ쵰ҪʲôΪʲôַ䣡Һ޺޵ľסһƤҲ̿ȥˣǸ쵰ǰһС 
ҵͷ˫ϥ˵ϣˮסţʪ˺ôһƬݵء 
ҶԲ㣬ôų찡ΪʲôҪôʲôҪôĴۣԸһУֻ㲻ҪΪˣӦôģõġ 
֪˶ãֱһӰǰҲ̧ɵ˫ۡ 
ҶԲ㡭۰ȥıסܾĥ˶ 
ҡһ£վãʹˣĸҵͷҪοң 
ⲻ£ʲôûԲңˡ֪ڣš㿴ģˣҪ֣ȫǸ޲ļһ 
ûãû߾Ȼңûãұʹš 
ǣ㿴Ҷû£㻹޳ĺûðˣ𣿡ƣҶ˵ 
ҸϽϣúϢ 
Ϊȥˮƣȴ˵ٿˣҺ۵ģ 
ҡôǿҸ̲סˣ᲻ͣĵ䣬ϣҸϽɡ 
Ǻǣ࣬ţĺˣ˯ᡭԽԽС³ֻðĬĬ 
˯˹ȥҵֱˣۣϣЩӿǸһˡˣһҪ˵ҲһŬϣҸ²ص˵ͺá 
뵽⣬ͷᶨ˵Ұ㣬Զǵ仰 
ʹ˯Уƣ¶ҸЦݡҲΪҵĻ˸ΰɣ 

33 

ΪЩҵ޷ĺûиղŵ£һǶôҸôáԶ㣬ֻҪҸԸһУ˺ 
ֻһʱͻתſ˫΢Цңҵͷ˫һһϸϸǹ 
˺þãҲ뿪Ĵ꣬˵ҪӦһ¡ 
΢΢ЦſңôͻȻôˣã˵˵ʲô£ٿҪҪӦ㡣 
˼СĵʹŴ˵Ұ㣬ڸ죬ٰˣȨá 
ʱ˵Ϊʲôò׿һö֣ôԷĻڽ֮лʲôӣЩѧӵʲô𣡡 
ҴչȥסҲǸ˼Ҳ뿴˭ˣֻԣ˽ȫܱȸߵͣǣΪܰ㡭Ҳ뿴ܿˡ 
ʱ΢Щֱܿиҵĵλһϲ 
һ£Ĭˡ 
ߵվĲãϲѵ㻹ǾҺ࣬ܲȲ㣿 
ҸϽ뱧ס˦ҵֱۡҲٱֻظεĻûУûУģģҰ㣬ҲǱĺûҰĶǵģģң 
ͷһۣ̾˿Ҫô㣿ֵţ˭֪첻ٴһˣ˵ʲô㰮ûҽܲˡԶҲܲˣ 
Ҳʧȥ㣬ҪˣҸô죿ұĿš 
㲻ǻк㻹㣬ǣȴ˭ûСãʧ˻һжʱ־ 
㻹ңԶ㣬ҡߣߣۿһԶȥ־ֽĴ 
Ǻǣ˭˿ͬʱˡҲߣҲ߻ȥģ֮ȴ֮һӻЦһЦš 
ҿ־ȫսͣҪʧȥˣô죿Ҫʧȥˣǰһ̻һЦŵ˶˿ȴһģԶȥ 
ʧǵһŲؿջڷ뿪ˣʧȥˣΪְ˺ûͬʱô£ΪʲôҵлͬʱռݣΪʲôû취κȡᣡΪʲôΪʲôһңΪʲôҪ뿪ңΪʲôٰңҵôʹ࣬ôڵѪһҲû 
֨ѽһƿˣһ˽ˣ̧ͷճյңΪʲôңΪʲôԸٰˣΪʲôΪʲô 
ұǰģģ˵㻹ҡһֱ㡭¡ΪʲôΪʲôǰҵĻȱһ飬ôʹôѹ 
ʱͱôԺĹȥˣǱ죬˶ȥˣ籧ȥˣֻʣһ˹ڴɵɵĵŻɫʶ 
ͻȻ䣬Ҿһʹ˹Ҳ˽ǸӡҸϿ˳ȥղʹѹĿҪȥĸоѵ˭£Ҳ룬ֱֱ˳ȥ 

34 

һǰ̣һԺпʼ̲סֲָֿ֮Ļ棬ҾҶˣ˭һôҶٻȥˣ죬ҪǴ߶߰ɣ 
ҴڵĴŬǰһƬѹѹȺͼпߣǻ޷ˡֻƣǰŲȥһһսľֽͣ˭ 
ȾѪʱ˺ѷεĲҺһ 
ǰȺ谭̨̨ϵȴҲһֻۣǻţȴּᶨģȴǱ;ġ 
ҽĿżϲͣµѪסغ֡ԷĵǣˣҳȥҪȥȴһֻӿֻĿǸΪֹѪһΪҩҶȥ 
ҿȻȥıӰǾĲҪˣˡ᲻ᣬǸһ޶ 
һ˫ůֽȦһůĻǣ뵽ȴ˫Ҷ㿪ˡǣҲ̧ͷʧѹı飬ھ͸ҽܲˣֻԲ 
Բ𡭡һ˾һҴͷ˵˾䱧ǸתˣʼգҶû̧ͷһۡ 
ٴξڷʱ뵽ֻǵҳʱÿζҶݺݵӣȴ͸ᡣٶʱǶôĶ˺ůģڴʱȻÿȻǴѹʱϸģŪҡⱲûĻ᲻ʼնܸһ𣿲û˺Ҹ֮仹ǸˣǺ뵽ʹһҪߣҪ뿪ߣ᲻κһˡ 
ҲˡкȻΣյ뷨ģԶȥǵĵģγ⣬Ҳĺôʹ࣬οİȻûİҰѾ˿ĵزҲݰһֿİ飬뿪ˣεİǷֵã 
ֵãֵãΪʿССһ𣬸οǸһһӵңܽһʲôúڵģֻܹʵңҲͬһɽ˺ĵͬʱְһ˵һġҲû뵽»ᷢϣҵĻҲ޷ 
ҾֻôĿ𣿵ҿǸԼҪЩµģҡ 
ͷݺݵײǽûã˷˺ҵΣҲ˵ҵһƬġ 
 
˭ҸæӴӼ˵Ļ̫ˡ 
ϤӰʱ̲סȥǼˣһûϡ 
ҽ۾´ÿһǲѾԭˣĻ̫ˣңܿĵһˡ 
̾˿ЦĶ˵ΪʲôҷŲ㣿ҲСҺ㣬᲻㣬Ĳںأ 
ﲻ֪Ϊοʼоʱֲܿǿӿĳ嶯̲סʼ΢΢ 
ˣǵͷĿЦı÷ң㾹ȻңͻȻֹסеЦͷҵ˵ôҾң 
Ҹ˿һͱӵ˴ϡҿ־һɪɪţȴ󱻶סһκ 
ͼʱҲ֪Ƕô󣬸޷ܵġֻǿſ־źϵĶİ 

35 

ȻִĵͷҧҵؿڣҧǰЦҧۣҵۿûôҹʹǴΣҲǾĴңĲٰ 
Ҿһ£ȻôָȥˣۣھѾôˣǵ»᲻ᡭûü£͸еһȵĶңĶ˽ȥ 
Ҹо룬˺ѴҴǰ޷ġҺ޲þôιȥǲ֪ΪΣҵ˼뻹ôףÿһγľʹ 
ȵĶҵĴȸȥҵѪܿҵ¾ȫʪˡҵѪзҴ֪зҲ˲пΪ 
ҵȻǽӲģѪˣҵʶЩģˣǰͣζŵȴʹģȫǿңǺǣǿḧüͷԭ㣬ֻüľﲻź͸еϺȻȵʪͻ˯ȥˡ 
ԭң뿪ңŹϤݾԶȥȴʼ׷ϡһ£ʱϵʹŪ˹ 
۰ͼһҾʹˤ˻ȥ찡ҵڴɸüˡ֪ˣأȥˣ˶ûοҡ 
šȻܶˣ˯ɣҲѹʱܿҲ˵ҾԴڳһƣΪ嶯ˡ˯ɣ 
Դģ̫Ѩ˹˯̫˰ɣۣ̾Ȼûˡ̫ûˣԼͦ˲ģ˶ʼ˰ңǣҲŷ֣ҲǸû˹ܵС桭ءҺÿ 
԰˺þã֮飬ŽˡֿʼˣΪʲôǶŰ 
ôôòҰҺأһˣϾ 
ȵ˵ΪܾòŻѣԾͳȥˣĺ𣿡 
ܺĽұܰоͻԹҶ˺þˣղŻ˯һأ˵޲ҺöҵԵİɣ 
𣿱ǸΪ㶼˯ˣΪҲһᣬͳȥˣ֪ƫƫʱˣ֪ͺúˡԵʲôҪҪʲô 
һˣþûԺķˣѽ뵽ˮˣȵȣ˯죬УúúòͿʼҪ֦⡢ִš̫öϺ򡢶㡢ѼˣлɽƮѩСϺ 
ңҵҪô࣬ģ 
ҪԣںöҰڳһӿ 
ε̾˿û취ҿҪܾã᲻ģҪҰ 
֪ˣҸϽͷͬ⡣ 
ܿͱ˴ϣֶ˼Ҷ֮ĻʹҴҳȥˡ 
ңϾֽŲõҵϣһѽѽĽţһߴչұСӣͦĵģǵǰ˹ȥҪ˼ұûӵġʵ֤ҵĶӻǺĵġҿĵر˺һŰſȻ˵ֱۻǺʹǣüûˣ 
ˡ֪Ҫô࣬ʲôʱãҶˣôоȥģĽ 
뵽⣬⴫̧ͷһͷǺһʳС˽ 
ҵ۾ϾͽסǸʳУϣĶϽҶ԰ʳôôСҼǵҪ˺öأңٶôô죿 
Ȼҵע֮£˳һұϣ滹Щʲôǡûˣûˡþ۹עźЩεƭң 
Щ˼˵Ҹ˵˼˳ЩĶ岻õģοﻹˣԵ嵭áԡ 
û취ֻһζĴ͵ζһѹࡣ˵ʵĳչȻǸǵģôζڶ˵ʼղûζʹడҺãдӦҹһᲹңҿʼδ 

36 

ÿڴϵģҺͺңҪԴʱҸ۶С۵ĻšʹżһҲЦҵģҲûֻͷĻżеƺڿӣ綼ֹǶû׷ϹҾãǿ϶ǺɣʵԭˣɲڵҡҲңҡ 
ƺǼ²û̫⣬ܾģǰѰգϣҪ̫ҲٴĻҿֻɱл˰ɣ 
Ƕʱܻǰϸϸţڸʲô 
ҸôأϣܸһҸߣҲȵҪ뿪ҵʱǻһ£ǶôҸôõʱ̰ˣûԵĺóԵĶǺǣǲҪ̫ˣ 
ĵڴϿǰֶ˰ɣֿʼҵ½ˣȻҵ·϶ҪʪһƬˡʲôʱ۵òôȥߣڵҲƨ۵ҪҪһǰڣ˫ȷû·ʲôʱܲ 
ں˼ʱȻԻҿĵһУһȻģһˤ˻ȥΰҲʹ 
κʱұ˱ͣıѯţôˣۣˤҽ㲻ҪҶģ 
ɵЦ۾ûµģҺò׵ȵĻأ 
һĵĲ鿴ϵĺֻĺһ 
Աߴ˲䲻ȵļûµģǼһǸֽǣ̩ɽȥ֤أ 
ĺֻεĿ˵ˣСһˡ 
粻мƳһۣת3553 
̾˿תͷңʣôЩ۵Ļͷ𣿡 
İںϲ˲䣺öˣİɣֻҪóԵģˣ 
ЦֳĿңĻͻ컹Ҫˣ 
װɵƵգգۣ˵ʵҲҿ϶ڵҪЩ᲻졣 
е㿴ȥˣɵʹ˵ԸҪ 
еؽһ磡ű죬תͷʼЩ˼룬޵ģ˵˭ѧôԭ׾ǰ 
ˣϳԷɣˣҲöˣԵʲô룬ֻ嵭ģҡҡͷ 
е㲻ˣһôۣôЩҲЩˣ³ɣܳ˰ɣ͵˰ɣ 
ȻҲԣȷʵˣҾЦŵͷҿ϶ҪԵģİɣҲóԵõˡ 
üͷ˰죬ԥԥĵͷ 
ôңĺøжǰЩĺˮΪɣ۵ʣôˣһ쵽۵ġ 
һЦģû£ǰ⻹۶ȥˣڶ˵ֻСһ 
е㲻̫ţǻи⣺ʤඣ 
ɫʱЩˣӦû⣬ֻǡ 
ֻǣѵ˵ΣգҸæ׷ֻʲô 
˼һ£شֻڲûʹȫĹжǿ˭׽˶ֻһƴˡ 
§סڲûվͱȥˣǼһộĺܺ£ 
ҵıͼҰûϵģʵҵʤ㻹ǺܴģϾҶôʧɢľ书𵣲Ҫģ˵ʹҲˣҲͻת⡭ 
ס죬ЩԱĻһһ캫ˡ 
Ƕû˵ֻӵĸˡ 

37 

ƽĿʼԷȻЩ˻ǻŬ۾ƿֻЩһ׵ûɫزˡЩ̣пСЩĺңǱҼľܾˡҵһڷϿҵĶãûںǰ 
극ֻһ裬ֳȥˣ粻ֻʣҺˡ 
§С壬˯һ˯ϰߣԺܿҵ֮˯ˡʹ壬ڳһƣҲؽ硣 
ǳЦͺ΢ЦֻҲŲʵĲпᣬֻܰļͥǰ֪ͥʲôʱӵС 
Щ˯ѹʱȻ۲Ҳֻѡһʹĵ£ΪʲôǶôæҶңǣҲɣӦҵģûʱҰû죬ֻһ˵Сһ 
ΪʲôԸ˵˵ÿζֻҴ͵һᣬ˾Ͷ㣬УֲǹԶ˵ģøļ䡣ΪһҲǸһİɣߣôҲңûĵģ 
ס˽ˣ˭ѽе۾ˣˣȻһ£ٺ٣ 
ŵģ϶ɺ£¶ǣôһжĲ˻һҧ˶Сһôùе㷢ˡ 
оᱻﾯӴɫİɣɣ˭֪Ǻķ䣬˭ҽɫԼó 
ƱһỬϣĦšɣѵ˵Ǻⲻ۵ļһҲ̫˰ɣҸֲУһ˵ĴΪʲôɱ˰ 
ѽһ￪ʼҵˣ̲סеֳˣ΢΢һ˾ŵϰҵַŻ˴ϡɣѵ˵һﲻɫģֻռ˵ģҵԴе㲻̫ʹˡ 
оֿʼˣȴʮϸϸҵٺӡУôϸˣ֪ԼҲǺ 
ѽˣôöԷĺԽԽò᣿Ҫңĸܵ˽µ촽ԽԽˡ 
ʱűƿˣֽһˣƺ˶סˡ 
֮ƺӣҸϽۣ˸ӦҵȻһ컯֮Ҫᱡӵļһݡˣֻļ˵ıӰˣһǺݺݵıһء 
૳˵ıӰʱ΢΢һ£ǿٵĶŶ 
ְֱֺ޵˳ſڣҲŴǣȻģûлûתûůĻӵסҡ 
ҲɵǸո֪Ҿװ˯Ի᲻һеİ§ڻȥʹ壬ԴʹƴҲҪߣߣǰʧ 
߹סңǸ˵ԲҲ֪ڡ 
ҡͷˮҵĶ˦˴Ϻ·ϣⲻ㣬ġ 
û˵ֻǸӵסңҲرסͷ 
ΪʲôҸôεĴأΪʲôΪʲôôεѹأǸղ۵ĻԲһٴηֿ 
ţ׳գųûõĶ׷Լˣ˶ΪԼѹġ 
Աһֱ˯ĺúõʱ˹ǱոȾɣҲڳһҲ§԰޵ĸʹţֻΪ˲ͬԭ 
˺þúþãͲˣźҧ档һʱʱĳҭţԶںܺĸΪ˳ 

38 

ƵĽ 
Ȼĸҵĺ󱳣ʲô 
һ˸ͷ㲻ҪһһͶˣòãһҪ 
΢΢һ£ô᣿᲻İ 
΢Ц촽Լˣ׼ƭңȻĻҾǰвһ䡣 
һ°ӵĺýҶ촭ˣңԶҪԼвˣûһֵôҲֵãҪǾ仰вңˣ 
Ȼ֪ΪʲôôһŬְĺ󱳣ӦҪ 
ֻҵͷͷһ̾һĸҵĺ󱳡 
̧ͷǵҵ촽촽ȻϾˣȴһݽĸоƺңҲҲԸȥ¡ûʲôҲ˵ĻȻ˵ġ 
ģǿʼôζˡҲ̫ûչ˵ˣƺǴаǶûٻˣѹֽе㷴ҲΪҪҵһĻ̼ܵҲ˵ 
ҿʼȨȻӻǺӦûɣ 
ˣ΢΢ƿεĿĿǵСһͷϵ˼£ͿСһ˯ˡסҵ촽 
ֽ⿪½ᣬ̽ɿڸʮĹ⻬ƤҲЩˣһ˱ҵ˫һҵ·Ҳʼҵϡ 
һֿ˱ŵĴתصĺסǰѾӲСЩĺζ΢΢ĦšϾͲ˵ 
һְһ̽˺ĿУԺĿʼ˱еʪĲˣͰָ̽˺սСջһ߰οЩĺһ߲ĳָΪɡ 
һܵлĺܿܲˣƺ˳촽ҲˣֻǴúͺˣǣڿôĵģҺھͽֽˡǲˣʹĺô죿ԴкȻһа취ˣ 
Ҽ鶯ڵָе״̬һߴս˵Ҫҽȥȷֿϣԣ׼ĺ棬ԣ㣬ȫ̽ȥ 
һ˵ȻĻ־̫ĺԼſ˫Ȱҵķ˽ȥҺĺýĶеˡźҵĽŪȴʼնĿģ̲ס§ݺݵϼڲŰݡ 
һߵһûϰơҺܶڵҲֻȴٿƣΪҵҲˣοضѹҶϰұѹöеˡǿŻѹĹĺûϵˣΪ˺Ը 
ҿǲҶɵЩˣҲܣֻֿʼǰͦķһ̽ᰴѹǽϵĵطãϾܲ˵ĴҲҡҲˬôİסǲ뿪һ 
ΪԼҲΪչ˵ʱֻοЩû̫˼ĲλúһЩϾ⻹ֻĵڶΡ 
źĶԽԽ죬Ҳӽˣ쵽ˣҲʼӿٶͣĵγŨҺķԽԽˣҲܲˡںһҵǰҵĻҵķҲںһʱ˳ 
ұſĺڴϢţεĻǿ⣬Ӧúˡ 
Żƣ˶Ķͷӣ촽ĵ˯ȥǿΪ壬һǵϴκʹĲ԰ģҲΪǻ 
Ȼʱ۵ÿˣһǺܿĵıסҲ硣 

39 

糿ȻǲӰеƵıסӲ˲䣬кϵζһֳȥĽˡȻûк۵ֻǵڶζѣһô磬ҲԼ̫ǿˡûͺˣϾܽţһ쵽Ϊǳ׼ 
Ŷ˶ϺöˣȻ΢Щʹ´ӦѾû˰ɡҴ·˴С˼ͻȻû˯ߣҲ籧ȥ˰ɣϾҴڷ϶Ҳû˼ֲܱ棬ֻڴϵ 
²ˣһǳȥ߰ɣڷôãǸóȥɢɢˡ 
ߵԺ˺٣´Ҷ⼸úù̩ɽɣϾˬģǸĺЩߵ˴ϣļУȻҸĵطٵĵطߡ 
һᣬʵǺˣۣҲ˵̫յͷˡε·ߵʯϣԴϻǴ̫ΣԶ˿ԶпôмʯʺϢ 
Ŭǰ԰ͦô˲֪·ˣû۰ŬҪϵ۾һǰƶš 
òҪˣѾҪιȥˡ￪ʼԵ޹ܵôĵط֪һ᲻żֽһˡ 
Ŀʯͷϣ̲ס۾һգҾͳ׵Ļ˯ȥˡ 
ٴʱѾЩˣҲ̾ǲóڻȥ·ϡܽǽϵٶȴʼտ첻ˣûðҿЦżŬǰߡ 
ò׵˶ЩĵطϣȷǮ֮˸ӣû취ʵ߲ˣȥ֪ǻ᲻ᷢ衣 
ηų̻죬ܿ͵˿ջǰŬһȣһȳһյ˽ӡҪߣͱһɳӰסˡ 
ˣȥˣΪʲôһ仰һ˵ʲô£ô죡 
ߴ־һ˿ҵҰοı˵ûµģû¡ұֻȥߵġΪҺܿͻģ̫Զ̫ˣ˯ȥˣһѾ͸ϻˡˣұ֤´ٲˣ 
ӵĸˣ˻ûأȥʲô´ξԲ׼ȥˣǸĽѵ 
ҹԹԵĴӦˣȷʵҵĴûʲôñģָ鷳ˣ 
ҹԹԵĴٲȻȥ䣬֮һҪġӡ֮¡ҺˣңżһۣҲǺݺݵɹֻʵһҲҶȥéҪǵС 
ҪˣҲЩˣûʱϲұţ÷ſܻЩѹƵġνֻҪܶԺЩôҾͺܿˣÿζţҶ˵һ䱧ԹĻ 
ǱˣҰﺫ·֣صһֱǰܲһĻһְӵ˻šҰĿǰû˵˺þã˽ߺߵʱ򣬺ɿңҴӡһǲŰݡ 
ҿһǰһߣԼҲȥͷңڳһװͰ͵ı˵Ҫ𣿽첻׼ȥ˶ûʱ俴㡣￴Сɣ 
Ҽֵ˵УҪ㣬ҲҿĵطΣաڵĻҲҲƽһЩ 
ε˵ıǱѰҵǱʱᲨĹڡҲ㴦Σ֮У㻹Щɣ 
ҾǿŲεıôҪ㲻Ը𣿡 
Ҫ𻰣ͱ粻ͷشˣ㣬Ҫʼˣܲܳٵɣ 
εĿңֿͷε̾˿磬òã鷳һˣ͵ˣ 
û뵽ҵļ־ȻúЩεıһҪȥģ 
翴ҵɫܲãֱǺ޲ֱӰҵΪǾ仰ǴӦ 
һ̻Ǽʱĸϵ˳ǺݺݵһۡҲ֪ΪԼ˷˲Ҫģо 
ε˱ҿκһضҪ࣬Բƺ鲻ͣܶͷסˡվʲôҲǸϴһұҵһôȥƺԭǿá 
֮ǾͶֻע̨ϵˡ 
Ѿڳ׼ˣֻȴе 
˱ȭĻǶеںڳ¶һЦҵʱȫ 
ֻǱûڳƣֻƵľվ 
еĳԶԶ鿳һֻƫƫƺһʲôˡ 
ֶڳһӱ˴˵ģƺ̽˴˵㡣 
̲סȳˣƺҲǵһĶ֡ΧźѸٵתһȦͣʱȫ˶һΪʱΧͻȻ֮˰˸˸ͬʱҵöɤĳˡ 
ֻĬĬվţڰ˸ͬʱʱһͻȻ߸ߵʱеһýȥֻһ˺ȻȫʧˡȻٶѾˣǰ·ǱĽ滮˼糤ѿڡҳ³һƺκϣʤ 
ͷһ˺ѵ·ЦһںڵĳһȡһԼߵϸֵǣȴ͸ģӭŹⷢҫ۵Ĺâǣʱֳֶ̽óٴ˹ȥЩȣȻٽסĹƣֻܵסֻÿܽ˻̽ȥȻѾ赲ˣżǻᱻǱȻСȴֵˮˡҿżľսÿһµ˿Ҿʹ֣ȴΪ 
òװԵڶ̹̽ʱԼһԶʱ˾롣һԶĶƬ̡ 
ǺԼٶȹŶֵ֣̽ĳһֺ֮ݺݻǰһƣƵ˼ֹסƣҲһ˿Ѫ 
һλĹƣһֱҲԷһЩǺҪռϷһЩ 
õȥǵѪֹνٶȻӿ죬еĳҲõĹĪʮֵŹ֣ʼʱֵܵһЩǺܿͱǽʽƵˣǲʱĽˡ 
ֽʱǺձˣ̽ϾѭζǺֻҪ˳Զ㲻һζ̽Ĺϵ࣬޵ǰЩʹࡣ 
һγʱּס˽棬һ㶵ʱһȥֵˮֻ̽Ƕ̽˸Ŷ˵Ĺл£󶣵һ䵽ϣΪڡ 
ˮ̽ˤͬʱ˶סˣΪȵĻֻҲҪˣͳѵĶ̽˹ȥڵϣһһϵƬǷѿڣ񱦱һϣȻɱĻǶˣһѪΪʲôֻˤһ̽ͱ 
ҲסˣƺԼֻŪһ̽Ͳټˡֻôվԭ֪Ǻá 
ϯϵĲҲߵʱ˾ʲôһƿǲȴ˵ʲôֻһֻϯȥˡ 
ֻܾȵĿһļϵˮһ˿У˱˵ָȫʰð˿뻳Уĸ·ḧһ˿еˮ̧ͷʱź۾ȫ޺ͷŭ 
ûмڵϵĳǳ˫ְڳһơˣҲĳͬҲڳһơһֱԽΪﲻ 
Ȼ׼ȴٳٲ֡ͲסʹһȭƹںȭҪԼһ̷ųָס漴ϥСȥһ㿪Ҳ̽ۻҵĶԴ˰죬һԾٴθһξ롣 
ҲԷģԭȭϻ൱ġ 
ԶЩɵŭŨˣֿʼԷɿַͣʱÿǰһϽʵĻҵذϾһĽӡëȻ 
һˣæṦÿֻһµأ𼫸ߡ޷׷ɢ˹Ҳ뺫ڿжԴ 
ַǧ򻯣ٶȷɿ죬뽵ڵ̶ʱѹΡڿδֳ䵽ϺС 
ȻͬʱжԷؿһƣһƶ˺üֱ³ѪǰȴѪżǱ̽ƬڻУºһƬ˽ȥɣ 
ͷ˿ִѪǴƬ̣ȻЦЦޱȣ̲סΪ֮ѣȵӦʱ۽Ǿʪˡôˣҵĳ˰ 
Цã˵˾ʲôȻԼİٻѨȥһ֮ɵˣҿϻѪ۾ϣȴһ˿Ц⣬ǱЦ⡣ 
ȫ˶ڻţЩţɻ̨µĹھʾ⡣ 
𣬺ˣӴ˾ͿЦˡΪΪʲôȴһЩʧ䣬ʧΪ𣿻ΪӴ˾Ͳһˣȫֵˣ 
ǿЦգԶԶվ̨΢Цĺ֪ΪΣܸоʱҺԶҲĺԶԶ 
ȻǵľУһɫӰ嵽̨ϣѲ֪ǻˣٶȷɿ죬û˿òߺþãǲŽĵ 

40 

İ֮˵أ뿪Ҫܸһ뿪 
ĬĬɽ·ϣ˵ֻǾšȻԱһֱԱߵͣס˽ŲɻĻͷȴĿһ˵֡ҺȥȴһϤӰһ߸͹ʯϡҵĵʱһ 
ȥģٿ֮Ҫߡǣһް书ͨôֻܿʮʱ˿ڣͣסɣ 
Σֻס˽ţ㡭 
ûңֻԶ죬Ц˵ǺǣҺܿЦ԰ɣˣȴûеطԻȥͰˣܵʱֻꡣΪǸ˶Ҹ˵ҪңΪһ䣬ǿ־ǺµİҴӼ˳ǺǣʲôأΪҳ̫ҸˣҵĴɣǵȴҪˣҺò״Ǹӿʱּڿ־֮¾ҹˣֻܴϤȴѾյļǰᣬֱǸ˰׽ȥҴͺһ飬ǿ 
ʮ꣬ҵһطԶԶĿֵ֮һڡǾҵĸĸҴδá֮ˣұҵĸĸ׵׵ˣǵûӵĴڡ 
һãҳԱů̻书Ȼ̵ĻǴϵĲ֡żҳȥһЩ񣬵ͬʱһֱӰңʱҵ٣ԱʱԽơǴҳʱȴһϤˣ֪Ǿ֮ҾСĸӴˣǺܳĬӲὲЩļ顣ҼҪ裬һΥ 
СջѲܾʹȥˡҰСиһˣɷĴȥˣȻ㶼֪ˡ 
ڵûеطȥˡҲãԺúõڽһ£Ưķ羰ҲҵһϲҵҲ˵ûҵҾҪұȵùˣߺ𣿡 
ҵֻͣŴʵ˫ۿ֪شźáһеĵطϲҸһģϲǺô죿ҲܰѺ£Զ߸߷ˣٴθ䣬ֻΪһˣҲ룬ͬ⣬Ǵε˺ѾˣҲٿκһ˱ԷˣĻˣҲ˲ŻЩԹԹҲҵһ˴ܹİҲ˵ 
޷شӣʧ֮߿ˣ֮ǰתͷ˵˾䣺һ߰ɣҾͺá 
ģģıӰʧҵˮĸˣҾȻ˵˺ʹȻҪߣʹûдӦֵǶôðҲ䣡˭Ҷ䲻ϣ 
ʧǵĻص˿ջûҵ۾ۣףҲӡɻ˴ϣҲڣͻȥ˰ɣ 
ѾƣˣȥЩʲôˣͷ˯ȥֱҡѣҲŬɬܵۿ 
Ц˵ôи칦磬ҪҪһȥ 
ҡҡͷ˵ԼѾˣ붯ˡеϧĿңͻ·Ϊӣο˼䣬ųȥ 
תͷĬĬĿűϾµĻƣƣ֮н˯ȥֱһŨĻĵϴ§סҺҲűѬ˵ľŪ˹ 
ܲŨĿѬľʹƿȥϴɾٻʲԸĴһίñȥˣı֮һĵЦˡ 
ɸɾһˬﱧסʱĻӵס߶߶˭˭ھϹ٣˵Ҷг֮Ļû뵽֮Ŀɰͣ߶СĸһҸһ裬ȥҲʱͷǵܰ졣 
˯ˣʹ˯Ҳðҷſһ㣬ҪʱһѾϰʱʱӵڻԺܿҲ§ֽ硣 
Ҳ˯̫ˣ컹ûˣʵĻֻڴϿź˧ǰĺ㣬书ǿòҲ˳ڣԸҲǴ͵ºͳϿҡôϲأǰ˼⡣ 
ϸϸĻǿΰ߸߷ĽüӢʮ㣬ǿʱϾͱˣͬƽʱ˸˫һʱֽҵĸоҲСˡǸ߸ߵֱͦıĽҲϣԼôӢʮıֻƵ̵ͦСӡ촽˵ıԸζķ촽˫ǰװײףҴȥ촽ס˱ŵ˫ʱȴ쳣ңֱüͷҡһͷҲž÷ſʲôʱôȻ˯ŵʱ͵Ϯ 
Ȼ˯ĺ̾˿ͷ⻬ǰӡһǡ벻ˡ 
ĬĬţϣͺԶҪ̨ҲϣܻصҵߣĸܿҸһ𣬱˴֮䲻κ˺ҲԸ̫ݳһЩĽ֡ϲԿ۱ǰɣ 
ʱڳĬзɿȥתۼ䣬ѾСˣܿѧܣȻǿɰĲŲû̫еĺҪԼ书ʵԭʱȴشҪ۸뺫ӿЦѵֻôûҪոյϥǵСһңҺռƣ 
ʼûңһѹľæһ۶𣿲ȴһοϾǲҪˣ˭ˣﶼʹൽ˼㡣 
Ҫæ±˺ܶ࣬һܳЩʱҸүȻѾǷַ˯ˣҵʱҲ˺ܶ࣬ϣһ˵ġֻЩϧǲܳԵζˣżŰݷʱǽԼǿ֮Ļɲǳԣǿɶ 
Ұʱᱧȥ¿ŵ￴Ⱥһ͵ĻǺǸ͵ϵƹҪΪҪչͺǸʱʱݷõ磬Ͱü۵ļһԼϡãʼûʲô⣬ټÿζץסƾõӮ˴ͷ͵ģǧҵĵ˵ˣҵרžӪƽ鱦ϴ̩ɽϿǸϰ屻˹úļˣרĵۣµ֡ 
ΪⲻҳҲ࣬ҶڿҪҪںݿҷֵˣŮӿǺϲЩġǺһֱ᲻ߣҵĵĹģ 
Ȼһ죬˸߲ҵĻסң˵ҪһȥݡƼ䣬˵ȥļˡҵʱҸҲǲѰĸ飬᲻ᱻĸĸӶ񣿼ʹᣬ֪ǵĶ൱ڼ޸һûȨûƵССǺ̬ȣ 
ܺһֱڵĸĸΣҵﻹ˼㡣һ߰οңһ߰Һ˳˸߲ҵĴԴھɥ֮еҺͺ· 
·;ԶֻʮĹǾͽ˺ݳǡҪֱӴȥĸģҵļ֮£ұסһҿջ 
һ磬ҾͱҡѣΪÿ·һս 
С֣ҵĺܺõģģ߰ɣǻżأš 
ȴסţһҧ˵ţͲ֣ҰɣҰҺ£ 
һ߱סҵţһ˵ʲôҵֲ㣡ģҵ֪ˣǲģְɣ 
Ҽֱ޳ˣǰ˵⣬ô֪ǲһҾͿʼëٰҸϳȥ 
ΪʲôңҵǺܺƢˣǾΪģҪǸңҾϴؼҡòãɿֱסҵҶ 
˰죬ϱţںƭ֮»ľս̤Ϊһ·Ĳ· 
Ĳ̧ͷǰǶԱЦӯӯ򸾣ֻͷϸϸǲ豭ҲҺȡ 
󿴲ȥ߹ҡǰҪҡʵ 
Ŭ죬¶һȿ޻ѿЦ 
ǰһЦλܺͰ׶Ժ˵ô˵ģѵǵ˳˵ĹﲻɣΪ˺£ 
εĵһۣû˵ 
λصĵҵ֣ʵСɣǼҵĲТչôãǸм 
ûأᣬ˺ܺõģ鲻ԽֱһЦö 
ڸӰԼȥʱһһŮ 
ֻλСף˵˽Ҫ˵ģôô٣ 
͵ȥǳ뺫мƵ§ԱǸʮֽŮЦ˵ǿˣԼˣ磡Բԣ 
Ҹʱ쵽˲ϡֻѵһСףˣôûƵģ˵ֱֱȥģ 
ֻЦҲϴֻСĵİŮӷš 
ҽ͵ҵܵܣҵãǸܺãУС׾һ쵽ˡ 
̲סһЦڱأĽҲϣԼиֵܽõģӴ鷳ռദʱ䣬ǲԸٸܻܵá 
ôһ֣Ҳȫʼ 
̸֮вףʵĴ̣˺һȻԽԽ󣬵ӵ嶼úܲˣѣĵʹ֮°Ѻͺ׷ֱ͵˲ͬϰǿײûкֻ֣ܶѧ˼ΪƤϻˣ嵹ǿ࣬ڼѧϰˡݵʦѣܾΪʼʺ䣬ʹźڽϵܡ˶û뵽ܴһಡСӱɽյҲĲˡ 
ʱĺѽ⣬̲סʼ̸˴˶Ŀˡһ֮£Ҹ׾ӢͬϧڻϵãȫȻΧ¡ 
δԼģͻȥǱ˴˵װˡ 
ڻص·˴סңЩ֡ 
ֱƵ˵˾䣺ǲĵúܿôˣһôĵĻȥȥҲŻȻԭǳԴˣϽѹºݺݵһ£˵ܵܰҲԴףֻϵ¶Ѱˡţˣ 
תͷңҳƵͷ˸պ¶ľϵƤǵúҲ֮󣬾ͷĴ󵨵Ķˡһ룬żһ֮ش˵ﱧȥˣ˵ҪСһһŷĶ 
˺ðޣҲ§ƣĺ˯ȥ 

41 

Ҹ˶˯𴲣Ǻ׳ǽѵģʱǻ§һ𣬿ߵֱ꣬׻ٺֱЦˣΪţֶǺۣͲҴӱ¶ͷ캫׾ͱʱһ˵ģŵúܡȻҲܲ˼ҪһЩҲôɰ˵Ҹ 
һ˶ĺܺãұһֱµģҽڰҸӲǷֿҸ֪ʲôã龪һǵĸøˣʮҸģ֧֣ǵĸǽˡ 
˼֮ʱٹܽϵˣһ𡣶챧ںݵ䣬һΪ˺úͺݵأȻѰӵĵص㣬˳ҲϸݵŮӶΣ㾭úԷɴף͹ܶΪ˾ںݳ۵ĿʽÿοҶűŮӾȴǿɰˣʱⶺһΪ˿Ĺĵӡ 
㹻ûУִĳ˵ʧȥƵĴ 
İĿһŮǰʽصƿӻͷȰˣ˵ٱˣֻΪ˿ǿѡ 
Ͼҵ˵ס죡һõŰʱΪ˿ǿ֪֪ 
ôûע⣿ѹˡ 
̾һ֪ԭôĿֲʱϸһ𡭡Ϊˡþòˣ 
ֱŤĺͻȻʵѾҸˣһߣһôİȴͻȻ䣬ҵ÷֪ΪΪ 
ұǣźص˼ܲҵĲģһֱĬţû˵ɵſҼϿҿҲƽʱһϲ˵Щ첻Ļˡ 
źߣãȻֱֱĶƺеҿҡ 
̾һ˵ǻؼҰɣ 
һ𣺡ͻȥ㲻￪ˣ 
ҵͷ豭ˣǻȥɣֻһҲãۡ 
̧ͷǸؿңԲ̫ˣǷġɣҲȥˣٷˡ 
ҡҡͷ̾˿ûʲôҲȫ㣬ϾҲдһ£ѵҲûʲôǼҵҲ㹻ˣ˵鱦һĶҲǺܶģ㹻ˡ 
С֪ˣһֱںݿģҲٲˣԼɣĲٷˡеżסҵ֣ĲˮЩ 
̧ͷ飬ҰοļһЦݣûʲôģǰˣѾˣ￪Ҫȥģûʱڼ㣬ҲܺúչСѾͨˣ￪ˣġ£û㣬ģ 
ϸϸҰΣü˵ˣǾɣҸ˵һ£ǹ߰ɣ 
ֻǴӦһû˵ʲô־ĶƬ̣ȥ 
ϵź߿СңΪʲôǴ㲻𣿡 
СЦ˵ᰡܹԣûǵҲûģ 
üңǣΪʲôİ 
֪λشò˵˾䣺Ҳǵ̫˰ɣ 
ƶǶġŶһ˵ȥ˯˯Ͳˡ˯ɣ 
ЦſҵСһͷð˯Ǻǣ 
Ұڴϣ˴Ϊ⿪·һ⿪£Ҳ£ҵĻһֻҵǰʲô˯֮ĻҲЦ˳ǸСˡ 
ұסССС壬˸硣꣬ôˣڸԽԽˣ۵ˣȴһ㶼û軵˸ɢɢĵҲɢɢ֮⡣ 
ܵﶼߣҸǼ뿪ֻʮ첻ͻȥˡ 
ӣûʲô仯ֻһЩƺÿֻмˣڶʲôƵġҸԼҪæ£ȥôûҲǰæ 
±ˣÿæǵʱҲˣƺ˳鷳Ҳϵ£Ҳȥ죬ֻҪ˲ʲô¾ˣҲںˡ 
ϵҹϴ˯ˣŽҾͱˡ˯߱ǳ࣬׾ͱѡ 
ҳôô 
һ߽һ߻ش𣺡ûʲôе鷳£ʱӦþͺˡ 
Ӹڳλӣ˴ӱסҡ 
ôˣЩĶÿһһͻĴңʹҸȥˣҲһȥһȷһ¡ 
ʲôôˣûʲôˣ˯ɣ컹Ҫæأƺװɵ˵˼Ͱˣұۡ 
˵Ҳû취ֻϣҪʲô²źã̾˿Ҳɺ˯ˡ 
컹ûˣһǻģһţҾ˯˹ȥ 
ϴʱЩϽЩʰȥ 
һžͿһȺΧź˵ʲôû̫Ǻ֮ɫе֣ϾЩס˿ڣװɸտҵҴкС˰зСҲˣͰѷһ԰ɣһ£ˡ 
Ȼ֪ҲͲˣҴӦһȥˡ 
ߵԶǱը˹һֳҡҡͷǰȥ 
ʱûѣҾȰѷٽҲУȥˡҶڵ㵽ʱѾˡ 
ңִһĺǷŽ 
ҴӦˣ£ǰΪϵ´ѧ·ˣϵ´ÿҶϵϵŤŤģҿȥֻ°ϵá 
ҶˮϴֺϣŷȥԶһҧһڣ߽ʣ˵ʲôҶǳˡ 
һ߰һöǣһĵ˵Զʱ˵ϴ㱻ҭˣڳʲôûϵ۲ǣ˵ţѰõļ 
ŶһĲٽˣֻǺƫͷ˵Ľ 
˻ᣬԵٶͻȻӿ죬һ˵㣬һ߸ˮҭš 
ԼĶԵĸɸɾֺһˮ³һ˵ʲôΪʲôЩ˶ڶ˵Ҫȥأ 
￩һ£ʲô䣬Ϊʲôû˵ 
һᣬŶԴߵ˵Ǽõ£ǻĵ¡Ժʹѧ书ҲҪ˱ŶϲЩҪȥˡ֪𣿲ȻĻͲϲˣ𣿡 
ɵĴӦţȥСľˣ֪õģǳϲҲͲȥˡȺݺŪġȻ˵ܶΣкǱˣ߻СӵģЩҲֻóһЩص߻ˡ 
Ҳݲݳ˷Լ棬ԼʰһӾͳȥˣԶԶһۺǣܸоƵģܲ 
֪Ϊʲô캫æ緹ҲûʱԣֻøһݣԼȳˡ 
緹֮ûһȥ˯ˣҿֱ˯ţ뿪 
ŻЩȵķ˸鷿ĺȥôæһ쵽۳һǻۣȻ̫£ΪҾЩӦ֪ġ 
Ұѷ˷æŵϣˣЦЦĻƣû˵ʲôͶ 
Ҿ£Է 
ԵĲˣʵǲʲôң 
һ㶣Ͼ͹˵С㲻ΪҺӳǽ˰ɣġԶġһ˵Ŷ 
ЩʱԽԽҴˣҲõתߡ 
Ͻ׷ס˵С˵ʵҲûʲôģҪ˵أֻЩ߰Ľˡ㲻һûȤҶˣ˸æˣûʱСˡǶþûˡ 
һͷ˿оӦò˵ѣתסΪһֱûʱ䣬ҿһֱʱġҪĻҾ㣬òãѵúԼ£Ҵȥߴ˵ 
ϾˣȻһѾôˣǲ̫ϰҵҶܸоѾЩӲˡ 
ȴ§סҲ˱仯˵ҪҪһΣ 
ĶϵѪˣƺֻǺûоܾ˼Ҿͷŵ·⻬ƨɺʹȡϾˣҵŬ֮£Ѿúˡ 
ҸɴϵĶȫƿϣֻĿʵֻ½ЩҿǵǰɰС춹̽󣬽ĶʪЩͲ˽ȥһƺеʹҰοһᣬֶʼиоˣ˫ҲŵĸЩЩˣò๻ˣͽ⿪´§סֱֱͦ˽ȥĺֱܲˡ 
ȴһ㯹Ļ͵Ƕҵĳͷˡһһ߶ֽڳʼʱһǿʹı飬ܿ죬Ϥ˱͸ܵ˿Уʼҵĳ 
ܵץס˫ȰҸЩܵΪҧסҵķҵͺһסǼֳȥ 
Ҹͬʱ۷塣 
ҷںϴϢšƣϴںš 
˺þãµĺһ£С㻹ǡɣҵȻỹе¡ 
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ֺܵγѪˣЦٶˡγΪ£·ϵĶһ£߳ȥһ 
ϣֺúõһֱûٶһ£Ҳŷ 
һֲˣʲôʱһѹأ 
أҲҪˣ 
֣ôһҲûУ컹ҪҪأкҲǣոôأᱳʹ϶ٲˣôôܣ֣ 
ʱ䣬϶ϾҪˣøϽŪͳСҲȥЩ鷳£ʼһһΪҶӵĽƴˡ 
ֱ쵽ˣǰ˶û֣ҿʼżˡҿʼȻ˼·ǸһȥˣΪʲô˵һ 
Ҽתø׼ˣҶˣ 
ֱҹŴֱӳ˳ȥţʧķ֣ԭ磬˵ȷʵǺܾûǼˡ 
һۣͼңأѾϻˣѾȥ˰ɣ 
ȻֻһˣҾס콹ʣȥˣ˵Ҷ켱ˣҲ˵һߣ 
ҵ֣ң㲻֪㾹Ȼ֪׾Ȼ˵֪ 
㶵Ŀʵڽʲô 
ͷʹķסͷ㾹Ȼ֪ȫ¶֪սλˣ㾹Ȼ֪ 
ʲôսˣҾĵ 
ΪʲôҪңΪʲô֮ǰһ 
ס½ǣԼģˣȥòãˣ 
Ŀһۣϻ㲻ȥҲҪȥãСô죿ȥβͬԺܻҵģ 
ξͲˣڵɣ϶ܹԵġ 
Ұٺ֮󣬾ʹż򵥵İ·ˡ 

42 

ʵҺ·ϾܸϺǣһֱӱ޵ĸ·ֱƥ°ĭĿ첻ˣһʱҲҲֻ÷ȥˡҸ綼ֻĬĬĴܣѾʼʱͣĴˡƺǶѾ·Ͻصˡ 
ƣǻڱ֮ǰϵ 
ȻѾȴǵˡ˶ڶңֻٵĸżȴһ¡ 
ȵǰһҹ˴׼˯õڶĺ磬Ըϵ֮ǰֹǡ 
׼˯⴫֮£ֻ´šźȴһʳУε֪ǵı䣬㻹˼Է 
ȴһﲻֱ߽ڿˣ˫ӣϾƺ 
֪ǸϲˣЦõ£Ҳһƣּ˲˳һڣҲѾˣһһˡ 
ҾͲǵˣֻ֪Ǻ˺ܾõƾƣҾһҲǵˡ 
ڶʹޱȵԴһŴһٶȳ˹ȥ 
˵طڷһЩģ֪Ϊӳʱ䣬Ҳûһˡ 
Ҳһе䳡ϣվм䣬ס֣õͬ𣿡 
̨µȺĬĬŵ˾ȻҲ˳ʱʼⲢûӰ쵽Һǡ 
ֻǵ˵˾䣺㵱ʱҲûԣ𣿡 
ҺһΪ˵⣬סˣϾǵųǧ˵أ 
ҿңֻǳ̨˵һ䣺磬Ҳס𣿡 
ȻҵģҾˡ 
һشҵĻǳ̨˵磬ȥɣ 
粢ûֻǾŲˡ 
֪ˣʵͲģֲģҲǡ 
ҿ˶ûʲô飬֪˵Ҳûãͻͷ˵磬Լ𣿲㲻Ҳϣ𣿡 
Ĳͣˣóĺԥ 
ҸϽټһ䣺磬ңһᴦõģģû˵꣬ͻȻ䷢ԼˣҾȵĻͷ߽ҵĺ 
תͷҿңȥɣúÿ 
ֿʼҲŵĽź̨ 
׾ٵľסңȻûҵѨѾȫˣֻԱߵ֦ 
Ǳ˴񣬿ʼ˱䡣ͼ˺Էʹ޷ҲͲסᡣ 
һкֱʱ˫ҲŲסع˵ϡ 
ΪʲôΪʲôҪۿҪ໥˺öԷʧϡ 
ҳ˫ۣŬ̧ͷ̨ˣϵ˺ˡҵͷһʹΪʲôôûãԶһλÿֻܸǵĽŲһһǳãδȥ 
ҴʼգĿаʲôĽɫֵƴõֵҲ֪ʲôʸκһһ𣬸˵һˡҲ֪ԭǰôޱȻܸһ̰Ĳ󰡣̫ԼˡʵǵУֻƶǰߵĶѡĶˣҲֻһַͣصȷ·ߡ 
ҿЦҡҡͷͷϣĬĬǲͣԾӰԲˣԲˣԭûٸһȥˡҲûʲôֵѵˣϧŸոĸ¾Ҫ˹¶ˣźõģҵĵҲģԭºТɣ 
ŬִӻһѷޱȵذףԴǴǿ֮Ϊ˷ϵģû뵽ԼϡҿЦ̧ͷǰ˿ޱȵˣü΢΢۶һˡټˣϣ±ҿͶ̥ˣ˳ĸһɣټˣԲ𡭡 
Ŀˣİذ״˽ȥֻǺѪֺȣۣһ㶼ۣҿֶһ˺ʹأʶģȴֻ᲻ǣ᲻Ϊң˴˺ 
˭Ҷ߾УҾ˯ɣˡ˭˭ҡҡ˯ɣΪʲôҵʪˣŬصƤΪʲôޣ˭ôѹŶˣҡ 
ˡþһö·˳ǵĺҵǿô޷νһģǣȴпˣǰǷֿˣֺһˡٿˣǶôˣֵΪҵᡣ㻹أôԵô˵أҶԲ㡭Ǵε£Ҵû㲻ҪһֱˣҵĴôѹġԲ䲻ǣԺһҪҵһҺõǣӦˣҪֲεˡһҪҸһῴǵġˣˡ˯ɡĺˡ 
૵˵ţ˯ȥˣߵĿԽԽСʲôҲˡ 

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С𣿿㣡ǿҪ׷ˣͲ㣬ذôģ 
ˣˣ!ⲻͺˣˣ߰ɣ 
ǿǿĻҲ֮ǰ¸أҿɲ˯¶ˡ 
Ҫƨɶĥˣ㿴۵ģ 
ѽģҰϵҩȻһˣĻӦûЩ 
ţʹ㡭 
ˣ߰ɣ 
šҪ㵽ʲôʱ򰡣嶼׷ôˣÿ㶼˾ܣ᲻̫˵㣿һ￴˵ 
˺죬ȷʵˣ궼˰ɣԣͶЩеɣ 
ӶԺȷʵеˣǰǴҡɱδ족ԺҾûˣԾ;Ҫܡ֮ҸǾˣû취֮⣬ķܲˡ 
ÿα׽Ͱѹźôһ죬ǼҾʹٴ̤֮;õǣÿǶ̲סӦϴģҲΪȷʵܾûˣҵԵʰɣҸеҵǣÿʮǲŻסһأҪȻ;ˣУǴûһסңһоԸǡ 
ΪǴûңֻ˿̨ϵĺˣԺͱԵģ˵ʲôʲôǵС˲ҲΨһҸǸѲСһﷴŸɵ˰ɣÿμ׷ٵңȻϢģ˭ȵͿ˭ʱλýϽˣΨһĺôǣṦԽԽ͵һǧĵزˡ 
ʦԭһֱΪѾˣ;еʱʱãı飬ƺѾմˡһĺˣ˿ʱģҲͺܺˡ˺ܾãҲϡһΣηֱʱ򡣺Ҳ֪˽Ӱ 
˵ǣȫ֮ǰǸϵǸĴ䣬ڴһСĲСĿջס£Щ֮ʹϴϴ˯ˡ 
ҹ˯ʱͻȻһڵҵľȿǽˡ 
ԱߵڣãҲ˵û֡Ϊÿһͻ˺Ѩ˯ȥٰķȥҲÿζֱӸɵİɣҺա 
Ұѻ§Ще֣гôһֻ§סҵ찡Ҵʲôʱһ˵ģ 
ŵüе㲻̫ͷ˵ء 
ʱ˴ѵƵˡҿ˵ֿˣģҲ 
ǳһЦŵǺһǡ 
ģôһˣǰŰѺ˦˵ģѵ˵Ҿ֮ʣ 
ҷ֮ʣҵĲӾҷԵľͿʼֱ˶ԷſЩ֪ʱ˴ĺҲҵʾҲһҵĴཻսҲֱӳҵ·ҵĲӺǰϸչǰС㡣 
ǵѷѽ֮ʣһ˱ҵС㼸ĻҲˡȻҵļɻǱȲܰҵ֮еĺ㶨Ҳˡ£ֻ˽ȥҵѾӲС춹һһصǵúʱʱĴӺ߳ 
콥ѾǵҵķˣҸֿһЩñ˴˶ܴһ߸ĵ˼ͰҵķסüֱҪĿУһߵͷס˺һС춹һͷסţһ۵ĶĦšȻһҲչţһֽıסʵ֫һ˿һȴֻҵĹ֮·ͳ˵ 
Ϊڼǰոձ̫ˣڵϻеĹأû£йһΡЩûֻôȸЪϢһ 
ϣأȻĻһͬʱ㶨ˣʹУҿҲֻʣ°ˡ 
ȻѾˣҾרŶԸ˻ҵķ 
תҲģ̇ͷ 
ʮˬϾͷˡ˼ѾӲķͰ˿Ǳ߻̲סһ 
ҽѾҺʪָָ˽ȥǱ߷һ 
βСĶ̽ҵָġҰָ˽ȥֻ¶ڷۺɫĲĳ⡣ǶһӴϾͿʼϵĿʮֵġˣϾͽڣǣϲŪֱԼġ 
ҷĲγָĸָ˽ȥĸָͬʱ治ŤǵҲʼŤӿƵģϾͼӴ˶ĸָܿʼģһöСʱ̲סˡ 
СˣˡҪˡ϶Ĳ˵š 
ҵĻӦ̧ͷĶڣʱԭıԵţ󻹰Ҳ˶Щ˵ķɫ⡣Ѿûҵķˣֻſȼ䱻ҵĶŪֹ 
ҿҲʪˣͰ˹ݵ֫Լȥ֮󣬺ܿͿʼԼŤһַһ߿ʼҪ˿ʱݺݵĶȥǵвѣҲĵˡ 
ҳԭҪϢȴǵĶĺ֣Ͼ͹ˡſҵͷϣӲķҿУһֲǰʹùȣڻ΢΢׵Сˣǹң̧һ̧Ҳڱѹ޷ 
ҶȻڶŪߵ޷ѣֿǰҶԺ¸Ǳش̼ˡ 
ҴСҲȷʵû˵Ƚ컹ҪҵĳˣҵȤҲȫˣͷϣҲʱ˱ͺı룬ٴֵ˶㡣ƣĺƣϸϸĽǡ 
ʱ˫ֿסͦ˼£ֱУһĶ֮Ҳ˳ұСһҲȫ˽ȥҷſҲϣİοڼ 
ߴ߰ͷҼϣʣСǻȥɣ 
һҲŬ̧һĿңǰǻؼҰɣ 
תͷһ֮ɫĺֿ̾˿סˣţǻؼңһͻؼң 
ͺʱ¶ΥĻĵ΢ЦҲ§סҡ 
£һҪӦĿһۣǶһȲı飬˵һǲ׼ٳܴܣȻĻҾܣڶһûˬھ͵ң˵žͰѹ£ʼһֵս 
һЩ𣿡һΪĦһʵ 
ֻǻͷһۣ˵أұͻûȫָôأҪҪԿߣ 
ֻĵͷΪҵİ֮һ 
ҲᡭһλҲˡ 
ãһְһУ 
డԺùĻңҪΪѹĶˡ 
˵Ҫһ·ģΪҶˡλ˵嶼۵ϢһǸû·ġ 
ңΪ첻֪˭ѨѾ˻˯ 
Ҷǰλһ޹ģļһ̾˿ 